我国城市公交补贴方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 23:07

本文选题：城市公交 + 财政补贴　；参考：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,城市交通拥堵以及城市污染问题日益严重,优先发展城市公共交通则成为现阶段保障城市健康运行的重要环节。城市公共交通具有运载量大、运送效率高、能耗污染少、运输成本低等优点,为维持公交行业的生存发展,政府必须要对公交企业进行财政补贴,而有效合理的补贴方法能够促进公交行业迅猛发展,使公共交通行业步入良性发展的轨道,同时实现社会整体公益性。本文正是基于此,对城市公交补贴方法进行探讨。首先分析了城市公交正外部性、准公共物品性、竞争性、公益性以及管制性等方面的特性,并对城市公交补贴进行了经济学理论模型分析。另外,对国内外一些城市公交补贴方法进行比较分析和探讨以期总结出成功补贴经验。国外以伦敦、巴黎、东京、库里蒂巴为分析对象；国内则主要分析香港、台湾、深圳、上海四个城市,分析和比较了8个城市补贴方法的异同,指出政府财政补贴最根本目的是为了更好得促使公交企业为乘客提供更优质的服务,而公交企业服务质量的高低直接反应在乘客对公交服务满意度大小上面。然后,基于委托-代理理论,对城市公交补贴进行分析。对政府、公交企业、乘客之间的二级委托代理关系进行了描述,并着重研究了政府和公交企业之间的委托代理模型,分析了由于信息不对称产生的代理成本比信息对称时的代理成本大。基于此委托代理模型,引入乘客满意度变量,得出在信息不对称时引入乘客满意度变量的代理成本小于未引入变量时的代理成本,得出乘客满意度的考量有利于公交补贴机制的优化的结论。最后,提出了我国城市公交补贴的完善建议。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban traffic congestion and urban pollution are becoming more and more serious. The priority to develop urban public transport has become an important link to ensure the healthy operation of the city at this stage. Urban public transport has the advantages of large transportation capacity, high transport efficiency, less energy pollution, low transportation cost and so on. In order to maintain the survival and development of the public transport industry, the government must subsidize the public transport enterprises. The effective and reasonable subsidy method can promote the rapid development of the public transport industry, make the public transport industry into the track of healthy development, and realize the public welfare of the whole society at the same time. Based on this, this paper discusses the subsidy method of urban public transport. Firstly, the characteristics of positive externality, quasi-public goods, competition, public welfare and regulation of urban public transport are analyzed, and the economic model of urban transit subsidy is analyzed. In addition, some methods of bus subsidy at home and abroad are compared and discussed in order to sum up the experience of successful subsidy. Foreign countries take London, Paris, Tokyo and Curitiba as the objects of analysis. In China, they mainly analyze the four cities of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Shenzhen and Shanghai, and analyze and compare the similarities and differences of the subsidy methods in eight cities. It is pointed out that the basic purpose of the government financial subsidy is to promote the public transport enterprises to provide better service for the passengers, while the service quality of the public transport enterprises is directly reflected in the degree of satisfaction of the passengers to the public transport services. Then, based on the principal-agent theory, the subsidy of urban public transport is analyzed. The second level principal-agent relationship among government, public transport enterprise and passenger is described, and the principal-agent model between government and public transportation enterprise is studied emphatically. This paper analyzes that the agent cost caused by asymmetric information is higher than that caused by information asymmetry. Based on this principal-agent model, passenger satisfaction variables are introduced, and the agent cost of introducing passenger satisfaction variables in asymmetric information is lower than that without variables. The conclusion is that the consideration of passenger satisfaction is beneficial to the optimization of bus subsidy mechanism. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the subsidy of urban transit in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F812.45;F572

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