铁路客运站紧急客流疏散问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 20:02

本文选题：铁路客运站 + 最高聚集人数　；参考：《大连交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为全国旅客出行的主要运输方式，铁路旅客运输在各种运输方式中占有举足轻重的作用。而铁路旅客运输的重要组成部分——铁路客运站，肩负着接发旅客、连接城市多种交通方式运行的重要任务和责任。所以铁路客运站的安全、有序运营直接关系到旅客的生命财产安全以及城市的社会经济发展。然而旅客客流量大、持续时间长、空间封闭的铁路客运站存在着潜在的安全风险，一旦车站内发生突发事件，大到危害严重的恐怖袭击，小到影响运营的停电都会对车站内的旅客造成无法预知的伤害和不可估量的负面社会影响。因此，在紧急情况下，如何在有效的疏散时间内，把旅客迅速、大量、有效、有序的疏散到安全地带，，是铁旅部门亟待解决的问题。针对旅客疏散问题研究，本文在结合国内外研究现状及研究成果成的基础上，提出了本文研究目的、意义以及研究方法和技术路线。通过对铁路客运站安全疏散标准、国家相关设计规章的研究，明确了疏散标准要求，总结分析出铁客运站疏散通道的设计通过能力计算公式，并得出检票口、楼梯、自动扶梯的最大通过能力。采用问卷调查的方式，分析旅客在紧急情况的疏散行为，结合铁路客运站的运营特色，总结出旅客在疏散过程中的行为特征以及影响旅客疏散行为的因素。根据旅客行为特征，利用疏散速度模型，确定旅客疏散速度，并借助通过能力公式，计算出每名旅客在安全通道的疏散时间。基于最高聚集人数的概率计算法，计算出大连站候车室旅客最高聚集人数。结合得到的数据结果，利用SIMIO软件建立仿真模型，并以大连站为例进行疏散仿真，并以疏散时间为依据，判断大连站现有设备设施布局是否符合疏散标准要求。通过设计实验，分析疏散时间与最高聚集人数、疏散速度、通过时间的逻辑关系。根据四者之间的关系，总结大连站目前在旅客疏散过程中存在的问题，提出改进建议，并通过旅客行为特征对疏散时间影响的程度，分析出在紧急疏散过程中旅客应该采取的措施和疏散行为的选择。
[Abstract]:As the main mode of transportation, railway passenger transportation plays an important role in various modes of transportation. The railway passenger station, an important part of railway passenger transportation, shoulders the important task and responsibility of receiving and sending passengers and connecting various traffic modes in the city. Therefore, the safety and orderly operation of railway passenger station is directly related to the safety of life and property of passengers and the social and economic development of the city. However, the passenger traffic is large, the duration is long, the space is closed, the railway passenger station has the potential security risk, once the sudden incident occurs in the station, it is too big to endanger the serious terrorist attack. Power cuts that affect operations can cause unpredictable damage and incalculable negative social effects on passengers in the station. Therefore, in an emergency, how to evacuate passengers quickly, efficiently, efficiently and orderly within the effective evacuation time is an urgent problem to be solved by the railway brigade department. According to the research of passenger evacuation, this paper puts forward the purpose, significance, research method and technical route of this paper based on the current research situation and research results at home and abroad. Through the study of the safety evacuation standard of railway passenger station and the relevant design rules of the country, the requirements of evacuation standard are clarified, and the formula of capacity calculation for the evacuation passage of railway passenger station is summarized and analyzed, and the ticket entrance and staircase are obtained. The maximum capacity of the escalator to pass. By means of questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the evacuation behavior of passengers in emergency situations, combined with the operational characteristics of railway passenger stations, summarizes the behavior characteristics of passengers in the process of evacuation and the factors affecting the evacuation behavior of passengers. According to the behavior characteristics of passengers, the evacuation speed of passengers is determined by using the evacuation speed model, and the evacuation time of each passenger in the safe passage is calculated by means of the capacity formula. The maximum number of passengers gathered in the waiting room of Dalian Station is calculated based on the probability calculation method of maximum gathering number. Combined with the data obtained, the simulation model is established by using SIMIO software, and the evacuation simulation of Dalian station is carried out. Based on the evacuation time, it is judged whether the layout of equipment and facilities of Dalian station conforms to the evacuation standard. By designing experiments, the logical relationship between evacuation time and maximum number of congregation, evacuation speed and passing time is analyzed. According to the relationship between the four passengers, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the process of passenger evacuation at Dalian Station, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement, and the degree of influence on the evacuation time through the characteristics of passenger behavior. The measures to be taken and the choice of evacuation behavior during emergency evacuation are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U293.1

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