基于动态票价的早高峰公共交通通勤均衡研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 19:39

【摘要】：近些年来,经济高速增长,城市交通的需求量也随之呈现出井喷式增长的趋势,交通拥堵问题已经成为各城市必须面对的重要课题,在世界范围内,造成了能源消耗、交通低效、环境污染等问题。为了缓解交通拥堵问题,政府普遍鼓励市民选择公共交通出行,然而,公共交通系统内的拥挤问题依然困扰广大市民,其中,早高峰时的公共交通通勤拥挤问题尤为严重。首先,本文分析了国内外公共交通领域的研究现状,发现了二个局限之处:(1)在一些工作中,学者们通过研究通勤者的动态出行行为来分析通勤者的出行规律,试图找出缓解公共交通拥挤问题的方法,然而,在研究过程中,学者们往往采用静态票价,忽视了动态票价对通勤者出行的影响。(2)对异质通勤者的研究不多,且大多从拥挤成本不同的角度分析,忽略了其他的异质性因素。针对以上的局限之处,本文首先结合动态票价,分别在两种常见的公共交通系统(多起点单讫点的公共交通系统与单讫点多讫点的公共交通系统)上建立了同质通勤者的动态出行均衡模型,证明了多条均衡性质,并通过数值算例对均衡性质进行了验证,对早高峰同质通勤者的动态出行行为进行了分析。为了更好地对比分析,本文结合静态票价下的动态出行均衡模型给出对照算例,分析发现,在两种公共交通系统上,采用动态票价之后,通勤者的出行分布变得更为均匀,通勤车的总体利用率提高,最大拥挤程度下降。因此,当通勤者只有一种类型时,动态票价策略有助于提高公共交通资源的利用率、缓解公共交通系统的通勤拥挤问题。进而,考虑到通勤者的期望到达时间往往是不同的,以此对通勤者进行分类,分别在两种常见的公共交通系统(多起点单讫点的公共交通系统与单讫点多讫点的公共交通系统)上建立了相应的动态出行均衡模型,推导了多条均衡性质,并通过数值算例对均衡性质进行了验证,分析了早高峰异质通勤者的动态出行行为。最后,结合对照算例分析发现:对期望到达时间不同的通勤者来说,动态票价策略会影响每一类通勤者的出行选择,采用动态票价之后,通勤者的出行分布更为均匀,通勤车的总体利用率提高,最大拥挤程度下降。因此,当通勤者有多种类型时,动态票价策略依然有助于提高公共交通资源的利用率、缓解公共交通系统的通勤拥挤问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic growth, the demand for urban traffic has also shown a trend of blowout growth. Traffic congestion has become an important issue that cities have to face, causing energy consumption worldwide. Traffic inefficiency, environmental pollution and other problems. In order to alleviate the problem of traffic congestion, the government generally encourages citizens to choose public transport. However, the congestion problem in the public transport system still puzzles the general public, especially during the early rush hours. First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of public transport research at home and abroad, and finds two limitations: (1) in some work, scholars analyze the commuter's travel law by studying the dynamic travel behavior of commuters. However, in the research process, scholars often use static ticket price, ignoring the influence of dynamic fare on commuter travel. (2) there are few researches on heterogeneous commuters. And most of the congestion costs from different angles, ignoring other heterogeneity factors. In view of the above limitations, this paper first combines the dynamic fare, The dynamic travel equilibrium models of homogenous commuters are established on two common public transport systems (public transport systems with multiple starting points, single point and multiple points), and the properties of multiple equilibrium are proved. The equilibrium property is verified by a numerical example, and the dynamic travel behavior of the morning peak commuters with the same quality is analyzed. In order to better compare and analyze, this paper gives a comparative example of dynamic travel equilibrium model under static ticket price. It is found that the travel distribution of commuter becomes more uniform after adopting dynamic ticket price in two kinds of public transportation system. The overall utilization rate of commuter cars is improved, and the maximum congestion level is reduced. Therefore, when there is only one type of commuters, the dynamic fare strategy helps to improve the utilization of public transport resources and alleviate the problem of commuting congestion in public transport systems. Further, considering that the expected arrival times of commuters are often different, the commuters are classified, The corresponding dynamic travel equilibrium models are established on two common public transport systems (public transport systems with multiple starting points, single point and multiple points), and the properties of multiple equilibrium are derived. The equilibrium property is verified by a numerical example, and the dynamic travel behavior of early peak heterogeneous commuters is analyzed. Finally, it is found that for commuters with different expected arrival times, the dynamic fare strategy will affect the travel choice of each type of commuters, and the travel distribution of commuters will be more uniform after the adoption of dynamic fares. The overall utilization rate of commuter cars is improved, and the maximum congestion level is reduced. Therefore, when commuters have a variety of types, dynamic fare strategy is still helpful to improve the utilization of public transport resources and alleviate the problem of commuting congestion in public transport systems.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F571

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