出租车行业政府管制研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 20:32

【摘要】：政府的权限问题历久弥新。从国家存在开始,世界各个国家被政府管制的领域寡众交替,不断地发展着变化。而近年来,西方国家实行政府管制的领域逐渐从经济转移到社会,对经济领域的管制越来越少,关乎于社会的安全、环境、卫生等领域的管制在逐渐的增多,同时管制的方式和手段也在逐步的发生改变,从强制性的管制到激励性的管制,给市场竞争留下自由发展的空间,重新重视市场秩序在解决问题上的能力。目前中国的社会主义市场经济是从计划经济中脱胎而来,虽然中国政府对经济集中控制范围在急剧减少,并出台了相关政策减少了大量的行政审批进行改革,但在一些行业中仍实施管制政策,如出租车行业。管制决策背后总是存在特定信念和理论依据。政府管制的效果是否与其初衷一致;管制所依据的理论是否经得起检验;管制政策是否能够及时响应信息技术和经济结构的外生变化;政府管制倾向于快速解决短期问题而总是忽略慢慢才显现的长期后果???,这些都值得我们反思并检视现行管制政策。技术和制度协同演化(所谓协同演化就是说不是单向谁决定谁,例如制度决定技术创新,但有时技术创新倒逼制度改革)。就目前的形势来看,出租车行业加入了很多新的因素,如打车软件、专车等,都在改变着传统的出租车格局,倒逼出租车行业市场化,检视出租车行业的管制政策。对出租车行业的管制不无道理,出租车作为公共交通的一部分,关系着公共利益和公共安全,但如何去管却是一个核心问题。2015年在发改委的深化经济体制改革的意见中也提到了对出租车行业的改革,浙江省义乌市也率先进行了实地改革,然而在全国范围内的效果却不显著,原有的出租车行业格局固若金汤,政府管制的成本大于收益,朝令夕改,“应该”的政府管制却与实际管制效果相差甚远。本文在肯定出租车行业政府管制必要性的基础上,运用政府管制俘虏相关理论和国内外典型地区出租车管制经验将焦点放在政府在出租车行业如何进行有效率而又合乎经济社会发展要求的管制。
[Abstract]:The question of the authority of the government is old and new. Since the existence of the country, various countries in the world have been controlled by the government in the field of alternation, constantly developing and changing. In recent years, the western countries have gradually transferred the field of government control from the economy to the society, and the regulation of the economic field is becoming less and less, which is related to the social security, environment, health and other fields of regulation is gradually increasing. At the same time, the ways and means of regulation are gradually changing, from mandatory regulation to incentive control, leaving room for free development of market competition, and repaying attention to the ability of market order to solve problems. At present, China's socialist market economy is born out of a planned economy, although the Chinese government has drastically reduced its scope of centralized economic control, and has introduced related policies to reduce a large number of administrative examination and approval reforms. But regulations are still in place in some industries, such as the taxi industry. There are always certain beliefs and theoretical bases behind regulatory decisions. Whether the effect of government regulation is consistent with its original intention, whether the theory on which the regulation is based can stand the test, whether the regulatory policy can respond to the exogenous changes of information technology and economic structure in a timely manner; Government regulation tends to solve short-term problems quickly and always neglects the long-term consequences that appear slowly. These are worthy of our reflection and review of current regulatory policies. Co-evolution of technology and institution (the so-called co-evolution means that it is not one-way who decides who, for example, institution determines technological innovation, but sometimes technological innovation forces institutional reform). As far as the present situation is concerned, many new factors have been added to the taxi industry, such as taxi hailing software, special car, etc., all of which are changing the traditional taxi pattern, forcing the taxi industry to be market-oriented, and examining the regulation policy of the taxi industry. It is not unreasonable to regulate the taxi industry. As a part of public transport, taxis are related to the public interest and public safety. But how to manage is a core issue. In 2015, the NDRC's opinion on deepening the reform of the economic system also mentioned the reform of the taxi industry, and Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, also took the lead in carrying out the field reform. However, the effect in the whole country is not remarkable, the original pattern of taxi industry is as firm as gold, the cost of government regulation is greater than the income, and the government regulation is changing day by day, but the effect of "should" government regulation is far from the actual control effect. On the basis of affirming the necessity of government regulation in taxi industry, By using the relevant theories of government control prisoners and the experience of taxi control in typical areas at home and abroad, the focus is on how the government carries out efficient regulation in the taxi industry and meets the requirements of economic and social development.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630

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