国外城市道路拥堵收费模式研究以及对北京的启示

发布时间：2018-08-19 09:37

【摘要】：交通拥堵问题是世界各国大、中城市面临的最主要问题之一。当前各大城市的交通管理者均在寻求有效缓解大城市中心商业区或者核心功能区的道路拥堵现状的办法。北京市同样存在着道路交通拥堵现象,越来越严重的拥堵给北京市民的工作和生活带来了诸多不便,因此,解决城市道路拥堵问题已成为政府和市民共同的心愿。北京市政府也采取了许多交通管理措施,主要是从供给和需求两个方面着手,试图去解决日益严重的交通拥堵问题,但是均未取得显著的效果,交通拥堵问题仍然存在。本文旨在借鉴国外拥堵收费的成功经验,并结合我国城市的发展状况,探讨适合我国的城市拥堵收费系统,以期对国内的城市道路交通在需求管理方面有一定的借鉴意义。本文首先讨论了城市道路拥堵以及拥堵收费的相关内容,其中包括城市道路拥堵的成因、拥堵的界定标准、拥堵收费的内涵以及分类、定价模型、收费原则以及收费对出行者行为的影响分析。接着本文深入研究了国外部分城市的拥堵收费模式以及实施效果,并从收费模式及其有效性两个方面比较分析了区域许可证制度、电子道路收费系统以及伦敦拥堵收费计划。通过比较可知,首先电子道路收费在有效性方面是具有优势的,同时,区域许可证制度由于它的人工特性劣势明显,且伦敦拥堵收费计划更适合运用于较大的国家或地区。其次,虽然收费体系中均是需要先对收费区域、收费对象、收费时间、收费标准、收费方式、处罚规定以及优惠政策等做出明确的规定,然而在借鉴国外经验的同时,需对自身情况进行具体分析,不能盲目的模仿。最后,本文探讨了北京实施拥堵收费的必要性,并结合北京自身情况以及国外拥堵收费模式的经验,研究得出适合北京市拥堵收费的试行方案。文章从城市道路交通拥堵的相关理论出发,深入研究了城市道路拥堵收费的理论基础。通过总结和比较国外部分城市实施拥堵收费的成功模式,并结合北京市自身交通发展现状,提出了拥堵收费方案建议,确定了收费区域、收费时间、收费对象以及收费方式,同时探讨了收费标准确定的方法,这对北京建立拥堵收费系统具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion is one of the most important problems faced by cities all over the world. At present, traffic managers of major cities are looking for effective ways to alleviate the traffic congestion in the central business district or core function district of big city. There are also road traffic congestion in Beijing, and the more and more serious congestion has brought a lot of inconvenience to the work and life of Beijing residents. Therefore, to solve the problem of urban road congestion has become the common aspiration of the government and citizens. The Beijing Municipal Government has also taken a lot of traffic management measures, mainly from the supply and demand aspects, trying to solve the increasingly serious traffic congestion problem, but has not achieved significant results, traffic congestion problem still exists. The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries and to discuss the urban congestion charging system which is suitable for our country in the light of the development of Chinese cities in order to provide some reference for the demand management of urban road traffic in China. This paper first discusses the relevant contents of urban road congestion and congestion charging, including the causes of urban road congestion, the definition of congestion, the connotation and classification of congestion charges, and pricing models. The principle of charge and the influence of charge on traveler's behavior. Then, this paper deeply studies the congestion charging mode and its implementation effect in some foreign cities, and compares and analyzes the regional license system, the electronic road toll system and the London congestion charging plan from the two aspects of the charging mode and its effectiveness. Through comparison we can see that first of all the electronic road pricing has advantages in the aspect of effectiveness. At the same time the regional permit system has obvious disadvantages due to its artificial characteristics and the London congestion charging scheme is more suitable for the larger countries or regions. Secondly, although it is necessary to make clear regulations on the charging area, the object, the time, the standard, the way, the penalty and the preferential policy, etc., however, while learning from the experience of foreign countries, Needs to carry on the concrete analysis to the own situation, cannot blindly imitate. Finally, this paper discusses the necessity of implementing congestion charge in Beijing, and according to Beijing's own situation and the experience of foreign congestion charging mode, the paper studies the trial scheme suitable for Beijing congestion charge. Based on the related theories of urban road traffic congestion, this paper deeply studies the theoretical basis of urban road congestion charge. By summing up and comparing the successful modes of congestion charging in some foreign cities, and combining with the current situation of traffic development in Beijing, the paper puts forward the proposal of congestion charging scheme, and determines the charging area, charging time, charging object and charging method. At the same time, the method of determining the charging standard is discussed, which has certain reference value for establishing congestion charging system in Beijing.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F572

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