随机因素影响下的不定期船航次优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 13:35

【摘要】：不定期运输是国际间运输粮食、铁矿石、煤炭等大宗干散货物的主要方式。不定期船承运货物流量与流向的不同,说明了此类货物需求呈现季节性规律。每条国际干散货运输经营航线上同种货物的流向和数量随着货物淡季与旺季不同而变化。此外,不同地理区域的气候条件会对国际干散货运输经营航线产生影响。恶劣天气所导致的装卸延迟、船舶延误成本(如船舶避风等)增加等问题是使不定期运输市场航线不确定的重要因素之一。因而,对于承运该类货物的不定期船经营公司来说,在货物需求未知的情况下,探讨何时将其拥有的船舶空放到哪个区域对于船公司的经营收益是十分重要的。本文将基于粮食、铁矿石以及煤炭三大干散货类对不定期航次运营问题进行研究。在各个货类运输市场季节性需求规律与受恶劣天气等因素影响频率的基础上,将该问题定义为动态的船舶路径优化问题(DSRP).随后,通过运用多元商品时空网络方法对问题进行描述,本文建立了以营运周期内总航次利润最大为目标的数学模型,并运用一种智能的启发式算法对模型进行求解。最后,我们还以一家经营不定期运输航线为主的中国船公司为例进行算例分析。研究表明,本文为不定期船公司经营者提供了一个科学的指派货物、调度船舶方法。该方法不仅综合考虑到运输货物和航线的季节性因素,使船舶的调度更适应于市场的需求；而且能使船公司获得更为丰厚的利润。
[Abstract]:Irregular transportation is the international transportation of grain, iron ore, coal and other large dry bulk goods the main way. The difference between the flow and the flow of the unscheduled cargo shows that the demand for this kind of goods is seasonal. The flow and quantity of the same cargo on each international dry bulk shipping route vary with the off-season and peak seasons. In addition, climate conditions in different geographical regions will have an impact on international dry bulk shipping routes. The delay of loading and unloading caused by bad weather and the increase of the cost of ship delay (such as ship avoiding wind etc.) are one of the important factors that make the market route of irregular transportation uncertain. Therefore, in the case of unknown cargo demand, it is very important for the unscheduled shipping companies to explore when to put their ships empty in which area for the operating income of the shipping companies. Based on grain, iron ore and coal, this paper studies the operation of irregular voyage. On the basis of seasonal demand law and frequency affected by bad weather and other factors in various cargo transportation markets, this problem is defined as dynamic ship routing optimization problem (DSRP). Then, by using the multi-commodity space-time network method to describe the problem, a mathematical model aiming at the maximum total voyage profit in the operating cycle is established, and an intelligent heuristic algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, we take a Chinese shipping company mainly engaged in irregular shipping routes as an example. The research shows that this paper provides a scientific method of assigning cargo and dispatching ships for the operators of indefinite shipping companies. This method not only takes into account the seasonal factors of cargo transportation and route, but also makes the ship scheduling more suitable to the market demand, and can make the shipping company gain more profits.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F551;U692

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