集装箱码头翻箱问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 09:19

【摘要】：随着经济全球化和国际贸易的不断深化，，近年来港口物流的发展非常迅猛，集装箱已成为港口物流的主要载体。伴随着集装箱运输的持续增长，越来越多的集装箱堆放在码头，堆场物流越来越被重视。堆场翻箱率是影响港口服务质量的重要指标，翻箱率的高低不仅影响着码头装卸效率，也增加了码头运营成本。目前，我国大多数集装箱码头面临着翻箱率偏高的问题，缓解翻箱问题已成为集装箱码头经营管理的头等大事。集装箱码头系统是一个典型的离散事件系统，首先，本文采用离散事件系统与排队系统理论，结合集装箱码头的作业流程，分析集装箱码头内部的各类排队系统。运用Flexsim仿真软件构建了集装箱码头集疏运系统仿真模型，以一个随机、动态的方式来描述整个集装箱码头装卸系统的运作过程，实现翻箱动作的可视化，为研究减低翻箱率的堆存策略做好建模铺垫。然后，本文对集装箱码头堆场翻箱问题进行探讨，介绍了翻箱的分类，从港口堆场、船公司及其代理、货主等方面分析了翻箱的原因，进而从流程优化的角度提出了降低集装箱码头堆场翻箱率的优化原则，并分别针对装船翻箱和提箱翻箱两类翻箱问题提供解决对策，主要从获取、利用集装箱信息为进场集装箱安排箱位的角度，从源头处降低翻箱。由此引出进出口箱的堆存策略的研究。最后，本文以降低翻箱率为目的，运用仿真建模的方法分别研究了随机集港的出口箱堆存策略和随机疏港的进口箱堆存策略。对于出口箱，分析现有的出口箱堆存策略的基础上，以平面箱位为分配单元提出和设计了出口箱改进型堆存策略，经仿真建模与实例分析，证实了该策略在堆场利用率较高情况下能有效降低翻箱率；对于进口箱，根据堆场资源的宽裕紧张情况，分单艘船与多艘船的集装箱堆放问题进行分析：针对单艘船的集装箱堆放问题，利用预约提箱时间段的信息提出和设计了预约堆存策略，运用单艘船卸船、提柜仿真模型进行实例分析，验证预约堆存策略可有效缓解堆场利用率和翻箱率的矛盾；针对多艘船的堆放问题，构建了多艘船卸船、提柜仿真模型分析两阶段堆存策略中的策略S1、S2、S3，并通过实例结合船舶进港时间和集装箱停留时间等具体情况详细介绍了运用仿真模型对比三种策略优劣的过程，为码头借助仿真手段选择合适策略提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization and international trade, port logistics has developed rapidly in recent years. Container has become the main carrier of port logistics. With the continuous growth of container transportation, more and more containers are stacked in the dock, and more attention is paid to the yard logistics. The turnover rate of the yard is an important index affecting the service quality of the port. The turnover rate not only affects the loading and unloading efficiency of the wharf, but also increases the terminal operating cost. At present, most container terminals in China are faced with the problem of high turnover rate, which has become the top priority of container terminal management. Container terminal system is a typical discrete event system. Firstly, this paper uses the theory of discrete event system and queuing system, combined with the operation flow of container terminal, to analyze all kinds of queuing system inside container terminal. The simulation model of container terminal collecting and distributing system is constructed by using Flexsim simulation software, which describes the operation process of the whole container terminal loading and unloading system in a random and dynamic way, and realizes the visualization of the operation of turning over the container. For the study of the storage strategy to reduce the turnover rate to do a good modeling. Then, the paper discusses the problem of turning over the container yard in container terminal, introduces the classification of the turnover box, analyzes the reasons of turning over the container from the port yard, the shipping company and its agent, the owner of the container, and so on. From the point of view of process optimization, the paper puts forward the optimization principle of reducing the turnover rate of container terminal yard, and respectively provides solutions to the two types of turning over problems, namely, loading and turning over containers, mainly from the point of view of obtaining, From the point of view of arranging container space for incoming container with container information, the turnover of container is reduced from the source. This leads to the study of the storage strategy of import and export boxes. Finally, in order to reduce the turnover rate, the method of simulation modeling is used to study the storage strategy of the exit container with random collecting port and the strategy of storing the imported container with random open port. For export boxes, based on the analysis of the existing storage strategies of export boxes, an improved storage strategy for export boxes is proposed and designed, which is based on the flat box location, and is simulated and analyzed by an example. It is proved that the strategy can effectively reduce the turnover rate in the case of high utilization of the yard. For import containers, according to the shortage of resources in the yard, the container stacking problem of single ship and multiple ships is analyzed: in view of the container stacking problem of single ship, The paper puts forward and designs the reserve storage strategy by using the information of the time period of the reserved suitcase, and analyzes the case by using the simulation model of single ship to unload the ship and lift the cabinet, and verifies that the reserve storage strategy can effectively alleviate the contradiction between the utilization ratio of the yard and the rate of turnover. Aiming at the stacking problem of multiple ships, the paper constructs a number of ships to unload ships, and analyzes the strategy S1 and S2 / S3 of the two stage stacking strategy by means of the simulation model of container lifting. The process of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three strategies with the simulation model is introduced in detail, which provides a reference for the wharf to choose the appropriate strategy by means of simulation.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U695.22

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