中国民航业管制制度变迁研究
发布时间：2018-11-07 20:58
【摘要】：欧美等航空大国自上世纪七十年代以来相继进行了民航业的管制改革,航空运输自由化成为国际航空运输业不可逆转的趋势。面临这样的背景与压力,中国民航业自上世纪80年代初以来进行了一系列改革,逐步放松政府管制,推进市场化进程,使中国成为全世界民航业增长最快的地区之一。 中国民航业近30年的快速发展,在很大程度上是政府管制改革的结果,是制度红利的体现。作为国民经济的基础性、先导性、战略性产业,中国民航业酝酿一波新的发展浪潮,但却面临着管理体制和管制制度的瓶颈。在这一特定背景下,深入研究改革开放以来民航业管制制度变迁历程及其制度绩效,分析民航业管制制度变迁的动力、路径、演化逻辑、制度变迁的影响因素和制约条件,对继续深化民航业的管制制度改革具有重要的政策意义。 本文通过文献研究和综述,梳理了制度变迁的动力理论、制度变迁的过程理论、制度变迁的方式以及制度变迁的影响理论,论述了制度效率的决定因素、评价标准与测定方法,从转轨经济学的独特视角构建了研究中国民航业管制改革的理论框架。 根据笔者构建的理论框架,本文回顾了改革开放以来中国民航业管制制度变迁的历程,划分了民航业管制改革的四个阶段,分析了中国民航业管制改革的基本特点：(1)渐进性与滞后性共存；(2)强制性变迁与诱致性变迁共存；(3)制度真空与制度间不协调共存；(4)对旧有制度和外生制度安排的路径依赖性；(5)整个变迁过程中伴随着行业的高速增长。 在构建制度变迁机制理论模型的基础上,分析了中国民航业管制制度变迁的动力、路径与演进逻辑,讨论了政府利益、制度成本和开放对改革的促进等中国民航业管制制度变迁的主要动力,勾画了中国民航业管制制度变迁的路径,总结了政府管制改革从放权让利到利益博弈的演变、从增量改革到存量改革的演变、政府从游戏参与者到规则制定者的演变,提出了影响民航业管制制度变迁的主要因素——既得利益和政府的有限理性。 本文还利用民航业1985—2010年的时间序列数据,对中国民航业管制改革的制度绩效进行了实证研究,分析了民航业管制制度变迁对行业增长、市场价格、企业经营成本和收益率以及服务质量等方面的影响。研究结果表明,民航业管制制度的改革有效地促进了市场价格的下降；在行业运输总量的增长上有正向作用,但影响十分有限,而国民经济的不断增长才是行业迅速发展的源动力；放松管制,引入竞争机制,提高了市场竞争程度,促使行业内的企业提高了服务质量。 最后,针对中国民航业战略地位凸显与体制机制不顺、国际航空运输自由化与中国民航业整体竞争力不强、行业可持续发展与创新能力不强等矛盾,提出了继续深化体制改革、完善政府管制制度,打破既得利益掣肘、深化改革进程,协调推进相关领域配套改革、确保体制和政府管制制度之间协调性的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Air transport liberalization has become an irreversible trend in the international air transportation industry since the 1970s, and the aviation power of the United States and the United States has been subject to the control reform of the civil aviation industry since the 1970s. Facing such background and pressure, the Chinese civil aviation industry has carried out a series of reforms since the beginning of the 1980s, gradually easing the government regulation and promoting the market-oriented process, making China one of the fastest growing parts of the world's civil aviation industry. The rapid development of China's civil aviation industry in the past 30 years is a result of the government's regulatory reform, and it is the system bonus. As a basic, leading and strategic industry of the national economy, China's civil aviation industry is developing a new wave of development, but it faces the management system and the control system. In this specific background, the change course of the civil aviation control system and its system performance since the reform and opening-up have been deeply studied, and the influence factors and constraints of the change of the civil aviation control system, such as the power, the path, the evolution logic and the system change, are analyzed. The condition is an important policy for continuing to deepen the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry In this paper, through the research and the review of the literature, this paper reviews the power theory of institutional change, the process theory of institutional change, the way of the system change and the influence theory of the system change, and discusses the decision factors and the evaluation standard of the system efficiency. On the basis of the unique perspective of the transition economics, the paper has constructed a study of the control reform of China's civil aviation industry from the unique perspective of the transition economics According to the theoretical framework of the author's construction, this paper reviews the process of China's civil aviation control system change since the reform and opening-up, and divided the four stages of the civil aviation control reform, and analyzed the basic characteristics of China's civil aviation control reform: (1) (2) the coexistence of the sex and the hysteresis; (2) the coexistence of the compulsory changes and the induced changes; (3) the coexistence of the system vacuum and the system; (4) the path dependence on the old system and the external system; and (5) the accompanying changes in the whole process of the transition. On the basis of building the theoretical model of institutional change mechanism, the power, path and evolution logic of China's civil aviation control system change are analyzed, and the civil aviation industry of China, such as the government's interests, the system cost and the promotion of the reform, is discussed. The main motive force of the change of the control system has drawn the path of the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry in China, and summarized the evolution of the government control reform from the decentralization to the interest game, from the incremental reform to the evolution of the stock reform, and the government from the game. The main factors that influence the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry are put forward by the evolution of the people to the rule-makers. The paper also makes an empirical study on the system performance of China's civil aviation control reform by using the time series data of the civil aviation industry in 1985 to 2010, and analyzes the changes of the civil aviation control system to the growth of the industry, the market price, the operation cost and the receipt of the enterprise. The results show that the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry effectively promotes the decline of the market price, has a positive effect on the growth of the total transport volume of the industry, but the influence is very limited, and the continuous growth of the national economy is the line. The source power of the rapid development of the industry; the deregulation, the introduction of the competition mechanism, the improvement of the market competition degree, the promotion In order to improve the quality of service for enterprises in the industry, in the end, the contradiction between the strategic position of China's civil aviation industry, the non-compliance of the institutional mechanism, the international air transport liberalization and the overall competitiveness of the civil aviation industry in China, the sustainable development of the industry and the non-strong innovation ability of the Chinese civil aviation industry, etc. We will continue to deepen the reform of the system, improve the government control system, break the existing interests, deepen the reform process, coordinate and advance the relevant reform in the relevant fields, and ensure the system
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F562.1
本文编号：2317550
[Abstract]:Air transport liberalization has become an irreversible trend in the international air transportation industry since the 1970s, and the aviation power of the United States and the United States has been subject to the control reform of the civil aviation industry since the 1970s. Facing such background and pressure, the Chinese civil aviation industry has carried out a series of reforms since the beginning of the 1980s, gradually easing the government regulation and promoting the market-oriented process, making China one of the fastest growing parts of the world's civil aviation industry. The rapid development of China's civil aviation industry in the past 30 years is a result of the government's regulatory reform, and it is the system bonus. As a basic, leading and strategic industry of the national economy, China's civil aviation industry is developing a new wave of development, but it faces the management system and the control system. In this specific background, the change course of the civil aviation control system and its system performance since the reform and opening-up have been deeply studied, and the influence factors and constraints of the change of the civil aviation control system, such as the power, the path, the evolution logic and the system change, are analyzed. The condition is an important policy for continuing to deepen the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry In this paper, through the research and the review of the literature, this paper reviews the power theory of institutional change, the process theory of institutional change, the way of the system change and the influence theory of the system change, and discusses the decision factors and the evaluation standard of the system efficiency. On the basis of the unique perspective of the transition economics, the paper has constructed a study of the control reform of China's civil aviation industry from the unique perspective of the transition economics According to the theoretical framework of the author's construction, this paper reviews the process of China's civil aviation control system change since the reform and opening-up, and divided the four stages of the civil aviation control reform, and analyzed the basic characteristics of China's civil aviation control reform: (1) (2) the coexistence of the sex and the hysteresis; (2) the coexistence of the compulsory changes and the induced changes; (3) the coexistence of the system vacuum and the system; (4) the path dependence on the old system and the external system; and (5) the accompanying changes in the whole process of the transition. On the basis of building the theoretical model of institutional change mechanism, the power, path and evolution logic of China's civil aviation control system change are analyzed, and the civil aviation industry of China, such as the government's interests, the system cost and the promotion of the reform, is discussed. The main motive force of the change of the control system has drawn the path of the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry in China, and summarized the evolution of the government control reform from the decentralization to the interest game, from the incremental reform to the evolution of the stock reform, and the government from the game. The main factors that influence the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry are put forward by the evolution of the people to the rule-makers. The paper also makes an empirical study on the system performance of China's civil aviation control reform by using the time series data of the civil aviation industry in 1985 to 2010, and analyzes the changes of the civil aviation control system to the growth of the industry, the market price, the operation cost and the receipt of the enterprise. The results show that the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry effectively promotes the decline of the market price, has a positive effect on the growth of the total transport volume of the industry, but the influence is very limited, and the continuous growth of the national economy is the line. The source power of the rapid development of the industry; the deregulation, the introduction of the competition mechanism, the improvement of the market competition degree, the promotion In order to improve the quality of service for enterprises in the industry, in the end, the contradiction between the strategic position of China's civil aviation industry, the non-compliance of the institutional mechanism, the international air transport liberalization and the overall competitiveness of the civil aviation industry in China, the sustainable development of the industry and the non-strong innovation ability of the Chinese civil aviation industry, etc. We will continue to deepen the reform of the system, improve the government control system, break the existing interests, deepen the reform process, coordinate and advance the relevant reform in the relevant fields, and ensure the system
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F562.1
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