欧盟航空碳税对中国航空运输服务的影响

发布时间：2018-11-26 15:39

【摘要】：在不断增长的商品贸易的推动下,中国航空运输服务贸易也在持续高速发展。目前航空运输服务贸易已经成为非常重要的运输方式,在国民经济建设和人民生活中的作用日益突出。尤其是改革开放35年来,整个行业的运输总周转量持续快速增长,运输能力显著增强。同时,航线网络的不断扩大促进了行业基础设施的建设和管理体制的改革和创新。1990年,中国民用航空完成了25亿吨/公里的航班定期运输总周转量,在国际民用航空组织的所有国家中位列第十六位。而2002年,中国除去香港和澳门的民航运输客运周转量和包括客运和货运在内的总周转量都已跃升至国际民用航空组织缔约国的第五位。截至2012年,中国航空运输业完成运输总周转量610.3亿吨公里,总周转量在世界上航空运输业内排第二位,仅次于航空运输服务发展已经很成熟的美国。 2008年7月8日,欧洲议会通过了关于将航空业纳入欧盟碳排放交易体系的协议草案,并规定自2012年1月1日开始实施；协议将国际市场上2000多家航空公司纳入航空碳排放交易体系,这其中就包括中国的33家航空公司。为了达成全球性的解决框架,航空碳税方案的实施日期一再推迟。欧盟将航空业纳入其碳排放交易体系的单边行动,自发布之日起就引起了全球的广泛关注,各国分别采取措施以应对其影响。本文首先对欧盟航空碳税进行了一番概述,包括欧盟航空碳税的提出背景和实施方案,接着对中国航空运输服务贸易的发展和出口欧盟的情况做了分析和总结。本文认为中国航空运输业和航空运输服务贸易处于不断发展的阶段,在国际市场上的竞争力不断增强；但是仍然存在运营成本高、规模经济和网络经济效应不显著以及抗风险能力差等弱势,国际竞争力有待于提升。通过这两章的概述,对提出的问题有了比较全面的认识。其次,通过定性与数据分析相结合的方法,从短期和长期两个方面分析了欧盟航空碳税一旦起征对中国将产生的影响。本文认为,欧盟航空碳税方案的实施在短期内会增加航空公司的运营和管理成本,挤占中国航空运输服务业的利润空间；与欧美发达国家相比,航空运输业起步晚,还处于快速发展阶段的发展中国家受航空碳税的影响更大,航空碳税的征收将改变竞争格局,降低中国航空运输服务的国际竞争力；航空碳税的征收引起的航空票价上涨和运输成本增加的负面影响会沿着产业链转移,对其他产业的发展产生不利影响。长期,航空碳税的征收会产生倒逼效应,促进中国航空业转型升级、有利于推动绿色环保航空运输服务业的发展。最后,在国际和国内层面,给出了应对欧盟航空碳税的建议。在国际层面,本文认为应联合其他国家,通过谈判及起诉方式维护利益；而低碳绿色经济是全球经济的发展的潮流,因此中国应积极参与到全球碳税规则的谈判中,在订立国际碳税新公约中争取话语权,为建立起解决气候问题的全球性框架做出努力。在国内层面,一方面航空公司应自身加强重视,增强环保意识,培养专业人才,促进绿色低碳飞行；另一方面,中国应尽快建立和完善国内碳交易市场,规范碳交易,保障环保绿色经济的发展。
[Abstract]:China's air transport service trade is also developing at a high speed, driven by the growing trade in goods. At present, the trade of air transport service has become a very important mode of transportation, and the role of air transport service in the construction of national economy and people's life is becoming more and more prominent. In particular, since the reform and opening up in the past 35 years, the total transportation turnover in the whole industry has continued to grow rapidly and the transportation capacity is significantly enhanced. At the same time, the expansion of the route network has promoted the construction of the industry infrastructure and the reform and innovation of the management system. In 1990, China's civil aviation completed the total turnover of 25 billion tons/ km of flights and ranked the tenth in all the countries of the International Civil Aviation Organization. In 2002, China's total turnover and total turnover, including passenger and cargo transport, have jumped to the fifth of the States parties to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As of 2012, China's air transportation industry has completed the total transport turnover of 610,300 million tons, the total turnover of the world is the second in the air transport industry in the world, only after the development of air transport services has become mature. On 8 July 2008, the European Parliament adopted a draft agreement on the integration of the aviation industry into the European Union's carbon-emission trading system and provided for its implementation on 1 January 2012; the agreement included more than 2,000 airlines in the international market in the air-carbon emission trading The system, which includes 33 aviation in China Company. In order to reach a global solution framework, the implementation date of the aviation carbon tax programme has been repeated Postponement. The EU's unilateral action to include the aviation industry in its carbon-emission trading system has raised global concerns as of the date of its release, and countries have taken steps to address them, respectively The paper first gives an overview of the EU aviation carbon tax, including the background and implementation of the EU aviation carbon tax, and then the development of China's air transport service trade and the export of the EU. The paper points out that the trade of China's air transportation and air transport services is at the stage of continuous development, and the competitiveness of the international market is constantly enhanced; however, there are still high operating costs, no significant scale economy and network economic effect, and the anti-risk performance weak force and other weak and international competitiveness It is to be promoted. Through the summary of the two chapters, the questions put forward are compared A comprehensive understanding. Secondly, through the combination of qualitative and data analysis, the European Union's aviation carbon tax has been analyzed from both short-and long-term aspects. In this paper, the implementation of the EU's aviation carbon tax program will increase the operation and management cost of the airlines in the short term, and account for the profit space of China's air transport service industry. Compared with the developed countries in Europe and the United States, The air transportation industry is in the late stage, and the developing countries in the rapid development stage are affected by the aviation carbon tax, the collection of the aviation carbon tax will change the competition pattern and reduce the air transportation in China The international competitiveness of the service; the negative impact of the increase in the air fare and the increase in the transportation cost due to the collection of the aviation carbon tax will be transferred along the industrial chain and other industries The development has an adverse effect. Long-term, the collection of aviation carbon tax will produce the reverse force effect and promote the transformation and upgrading of the Chinese aviation industry, which is favorable to the promotion of green and environment-friendly aviation The development of transport services. Finally, at the international and national levels, The proposal to deal with the EU's aviation carbon tax. At the international level, it is believed that the interests of other countries should be maintained through negotiation and prosecution, while the low-carbon green economy is the trend of the development of the global economy, so China should be actively involved in the negotiation of the global carbon tax rule and in the conclusion of international in that new convention on carbon tax, the right to speak is to establish a solution to the climate On the other hand, China should set up and perfect domestic carbon trading market as soon as possible to regulate carbon trading.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F562

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