民国时期钱塘江航运研究（1912-1937）

发布时间：2018-12-14 01:37

【摘要】：钱塘江是浙江的“母亲河”,其航运业对浙江社会发展的影响至深至远。在穿越千年的时间里,钱塘江航运在构筑了区域社会交通主干线的同时也孕育了沿岸相对繁荣的节点城镇。及至近代,随着国门的打开,钱塘江航运也不可避免地卷入现代化的浪潮中去。现代性势不可挡地渗透进航运业的各个层面。在工具上,轮船的引入开启了机械化运输时代的序幕；在组织上,航运公司的崛起改变了往昔分散经营的格局；在管理上,航政机构的设置在一定程度上规范了钱塘江流域的航运市场。当然,就史实而言,也不应否认钱塘江航运的现代化是“低强度”的。与此同时,火车、汽车等新式陆路交通则对钱塘江航运构成了一定的冲击。但是,现代性融入传统社会有着一个互斥的过程。传统与现代的差异性与对抗性在近代钱塘江流域的交通体系中所体现出来的则是轮船与民船之间、水运与陆运之间竞争又互补的复杂关系。技术含量高的交通工具并不一定符合市场的需求,水运则因其价格等优势占有一定的市场份额。新式交通需要以时间来换取其效能发挥的空间。钱塘江航运在近代的变化也产生了一定的社会效应。在前现代社会中,钱塘江航运在城镇空间结构的形成、区域社会体系的建构方面俨然为一大变量。在空间结构上,钱塘江为本区域内聚落分布的主轴,城镇星罗棋布于其两侧。在社会体系上,航运成为影响城镇在区域市场结构中的关键性、文化网络中的重要性乃至自身兴衰与否的关键因素。而到了近代,水运地位的下降与陆运地位的凸显使得流域内空间结构与社会体系都开启了重构的进程。兰溪与金华在近代几十年中的兴衰交替非常典型地体现了这一点。钱塘江航运与沿线城镇如同对方的镜子,一方的繁荣亦或衰败都能折射在另一方的身上。
[Abstract]:Qiantang River is the mother river of Zhejiang Province, and its shipping industry has a profound influence on Zhejiang's social development. During the past thousand years, Qiantang River shipping has constructed the main line of regional social traffic, and has also given birth to the relatively prosperous node towns along the coast. In modern times, with the opening of the country, Qiantang River shipping inevitably involved in the tide of modernization. Modernity permeates every aspect of shipping industry inexorably. In terms of tools, the introduction of ships opened the prelude of the era of mechanized transportation, and in the organization, the rise of shipping companies changed the pattern of decentralized management in the past. To a certain extent, the shipping market of Qiantang River Basin is regulated by the establishment of navigation agencies. Of course, as far as historical facts are concerned, we should not deny that the modernization of Qiantang River shipping is "low intensity". At the same time, new road transportation, such as trains and cars, has a certain impact on Qiantang River shipping. However, the integration of modernity into the traditional society has a mutually exclusive process. The difference and antagonism between the tradition and the modern times is reflected in the transportation system of the Qiantang River basin in modern times, which is the complex relationship between the ship and the civilian ship, and the competition between the water and the land transportation. Transportation with high technology content does not necessarily meet the market demand, while water transportation occupies a certain market share because of its advantages such as price. New traffic needs time in exchange for space for its effectiveness. The change of Qiantang River shipping in modern times also produced certain social effect. In the pre-modern society, Qiantang River shipping has become a great variable in the formation of urban spatial structure and the construction of regional social system. In spatial structure, Qiantang River is the main axis of settlement distribution in the region, and towns are scattered all over its sides. In the social system, shipping becomes the key factor that affects the regional market structure of cities and towns, the importance of cultural network and even the rise and fall of their own. In modern times, the decline of water transport status and the prominence of land transport status make the reconstruction process of spatial structure and social system in the basin. Lanxi and Jinhua in modern decades of rise and fall alternates a very typical embodiment of this point. Qiantang River shipping and towns along the line are like mirrors of the other, whose prosperity or decline can be reflected in the other.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F552.9;K26

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