基于出行链的城市货运交通分配模型及应用研究

发布时间：2019-01-26 18:38

【摘要】：随着现代物流的飞速发展,电子商务、企业供应链管理中提高服务水平及降低库存的需要,使得城市货运正在呈现出多物种、多批次、少批量的JIT配送的发展趋势,促进城市货运车辆的大幅增加,对于本身已经非常拥堵的大城市来说,无疑更是雪上加霜。制定科学、合理的货运交通规划已成为现代物流发展环境下的货运交通问题迫在眉睫的举措。在实践中,货运交通作为综合交通规划体系下的一个子规划,进行交通分配时,通常采用与客运交通相同的方法。然而,由于货运交通在参与对象、决策机制、产生机理、分配原则等方面与客运交通大不不同,适用于客运交通的分配方法并不能真实的反映城市货运交通的情况。并且,目前大多采用的交通分配模型忽略了各个出行之间的相互关系,而从货运车辆出行行为来看,随着车辆路径安排水平的提高,货运车辆已倾向于采用包含多个出行活动的出行链结方式来完成运输任务。因此,为更加准确的反映城市货运交通的实际情况,必须结合城市货运交通的产生机理、特征及货运出行行为等多方面因素,建立适合货运交通分配的模型。本文结合出行链理论,分析符合货运出行行为的货运出行链及其特征指标,总结货运出行链的不同模式及其影响因素。在对比现有“基于货物”和“基于车辆”两种货运交通需求预测方法的基础上,选取“基于货物”的城市货运交通需求预测方法作为本文研究的基础。并对比现有交通分配模型,选取Fisk模型作文本文研究的基础模型。然后结合出行链理论,研究了获得货运交通量OD分布的方法,为货运交通分配提供前提保障。最后,考虑出行链对货运交通分配的影响,以“广义费用”最小为原则,以Fisk模型为基础,建立了基于出行链的随机用户均衡分配模型,提出了求解模型的算法,并以一个简单的算例证明了模型与算法的有效性。然而,由于基于出行链的随机用户均衡分配模型是在Fisk模型的基础上提出的,在计算时需要作路径列出,对于规模较大的网络来说,较为复杂,因而基于出行链的随机用户均衡分配模型仅适用于规模较小的网络。最后,以德阳市旌阳区货运交通规划作为案例,结合本文提出的模型及方法对该区的货运交通需求进行分配,并结合预测结果对德阳市旌阳区货运交通网络提出了相应的改善措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern logistics, electronic commerce, the need to improve service level and reduce inventory in enterprise supply chain management, urban freight is showing the development trend of multi-species, multi-batch, less batch JIT distribution. The huge increase in urban freight vehicles will undoubtedly add to the woes of the already congested big cities. Making scientific and reasonable freight transportation planning has become an urgent measure of freight transportation problem under the environment of modern logistics development. In practice, freight traffic, as a sub-planning under the integrated traffic planning system, usually uses the same method as passenger traffic in traffic allocation. However, because freight transportation is very different from passenger traffic in the object of participation, decision-making mechanism, production mechanism and distribution principle, the distribution method applicable to passenger traffic can not truly reflect the situation of urban freight traffic. Moreover, most of the current traffic assignment models ignore the relationship between different trips, and from the point of view of the travel behavior of freight vehicles, with the improvement of the level of vehicle routing, Freight vehicles have tended to use multiple trip chains to complete their transport tasks. Therefore, in order to reflect the actual situation of urban freight transportation more accurately, it is necessary to establish a model suitable for the distribution of freight traffic by combining the production mechanism, characteristics and freight travel behavior of urban freight transportation. Based on the theory of trip chain, this paper analyzes the freight trip chain and its characteristic index, and summarizes the different modes of freight trip chain and its influencing factors. On the basis of comparing the existing freight traffic demand forecasting methods based on goods and vehicles, this paper selects the "cargo based" urban freight traffic demand forecasting method as the basis of this paper. And compared with the existing traffic allocation model, select the Fisk model composition of the basic model. Then, based on the theory of trip chain, the method of obtaining the OD distribution of freight traffic is studied, which provides the prerequisite for the distribution of freight traffic. Finally, considering the effect of trip chain on freight traffic allocation, based on the principle of "generalized cost" and Fisk model, a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is established, and an algorithm for solving the model is proposed. A simple example is given to prove the validity of the model and algorithm. However, because the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is proposed on the basis of Fisk model, it is necessary to list the paths in the calculation, which is more complex for the larger network. Therefore, the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is only suitable for small scale networks. Finally, taking the freight traffic planning in Jingyang district of Deyang city as an example, combining the model and method proposed in this paper, the demand for freight transportation in this area is allocated. Combined with the forecast results, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward for the freight transportation network in Jingyang District of Deyang City.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F570

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