我国铁路行业政府规制体制改革研究

发布时间：2019-03-02 10:00

【摘要】：铁路行业是我国重要的基础设施产业，对全国的经济运行、社会稳定具有重大的影响力，但是作为传统的自然垄断行业，长期以来，我国铁路行业存在着政企不分，效率低下，定价机制不甚合理等问题，而对其政府规制的改革进程却相当缓慢，甚至已经在铁路行业内部形成了复杂的利益集团，使相关改革无法深入。进入“高铁时代”以来，我国铁路行业整体取得了飞速的发展，规模进一步扩大，高铁速度和技术领跑世界，成就斐然。但随着铁路行业规模的迅速扩大、新型列车的加入以及通讯、信号技术的更新，铁路行业无论从业务还是管理上都变得更为复杂，对政府规制体制形成了新的挑战。铁路行业政府规制体制固有的弊端严重影响了我国铁路行业的健康发展，市场经济的不断进步和社会的总体福利水平。在这样的背景之下，本文从2011年7月23日甬温线特大铁路交通事故的发生展开论述，着力以下几个方面分析研究了我国铁路行业政府规制改革的相关问题：首先，政府规制理论相关文献综述。通过对政府规制理论的发展回顾，以及国内外学者对铁路行业政府规制改革的相关研究，可以对政府规制理论的发展进程有一个比较明确的认识，从中吸取有益的经验教训，以史为鉴，从而获得我国铁路行业政府规制改革的理论指导。其次，铁路行业技术经济特征及其新变化。铁路路权一直以来都是专门使用，其具有线路运输点多、调度复杂，相对其他运输工具来说污染较小，自然垄断性、正外部性、公益性等技术经济特征。进入“高铁时代”以后，其技术经济特征发生了一些新的变化，对行业发展和政府规制产生了一定的影响。再次，，我国铁路行业规制改革的演进及进一步改革的必要性。自1881年通车的中国第一条自办铁路——唐胥铁路开始，中国铁路已经走过了100多年的历史，本文先是对我国铁路行业的发展进行了简要的概述，总结了成绩但没有忽视缺点，之后又引申到我国铁路行业政府规制改革的演进，对目前我国铁路行业发展存在的主要问题进行了阐述。最后，发达国家经验借鉴及我国铁路行业政府规制改革的建议。本文随后介绍了美国、英国以及日本的铁路行业政府规制改革情况，针对他们的经验得出对我国改革的启示，在总结前文的基础上给出了适合我国国情和铁路行业特点的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Railway industry is an important infrastructure industry in our country, which has great influence on national economic operation and social stability. However, as a traditional natural monopoly industry, the railway industry of our country has existed inefficiency and indifference in politics and enterprises for a long time. The pricing mechanism is not reasonable, but the reform process of its government regulation is rather slow, even has formed a complex interest group in the railway industry, which makes the relevant reform unable to go deep. Since entering the "high-speed railway era", China's railway industry has made rapid development, the scale of further expansion, the speed and technology of high-speed rail leading the world, great achievements. However, with the rapid expansion of the scale of the railway industry, the addition of new trains and the update of communication and signal technology, the railway industry has become more complex in terms of business and management, which poses a new challenge to the government regulation system. The inherent malpractice of government regulation system in railway industry seriously affects the healthy development of railway industry in China, the continuous progress of market economy and the overall welfare level of society. Under this background, this paper discusses the occurrence of the traffic accident of Yongwen Line on July 23, 2011, and focuses on the following aspects to analyze and study the related problems of the government regulation reform of the railway industry in China: first of all, Literature review of government regulation theory. Through reviewing the development of government regulation theory and domestic and foreign scholars' research on the reform of government regulation in railway industry, we can have a clear understanding of the development process of government regulation theory, and draw useful experience and lessons from it. Based on the history, we can get the theoretical guidance of the government regulation reform of the railway industry in our country. Secondly, the technical and economic characteristics of railway industry and its new changes. Railway road right has been used specially all the time. It has many transportation points, complicated dispatching, less pollution, natural monopoly, positive externality, public welfare and other technical and economic characteristics compared with other means of transportation. After entering the "era of high-speed railway", some new changes have taken place in its technical and economic characteristics, which have had a certain impact on the development of the industry and the regulation of the government. Thirdly, the evolution of China's railway regulation reform and the necessity of further reform. Since the first self-run railway in China-Tangxu Railway, which opened to traffic in 1881, the Chinese Railway has gone through a history of more than 100 years. Firstly, this paper gives a brief overview of the development of the railway industry in China, summarizes the achievements but does not neglect the shortcomings. Then it extends to the evolution of government regulation reform in China's railway industry, and expounds the main problems existing in the development of China's railway industry at present. Finally, the experience of developed countries and China's railway industry government regulation reform suggestions. This paper then introduces the government regulation reform of the railway industry in the United States, Britain and Japan, and draws the enlightenment to the reform of our country according to their experience. On the basis of summarizing above, this paper gives some policy suggestions suitable for China's national conditions and the characteristics of railway industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.1

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