如何理解中国高铁技术赶超与主流经济学基本命题的“反差”
发布时间：2019-08-20 16:20
【摘要】：高铁是改革开放以来中国技术赶超最为成功的部门之一。然而,高强度的政府行政干预、长期的行政垄断和普遍的国有企业产权安排,这些直觉判断似乎是中国高铁制度安排和产业组织的主要特征,却与主流经济学主张的市场、竞争、私有产权等基本命题格格不入。基于对中国高铁部门各类创新主体的广泛实地调研发现,微观主体激励结构的改善、不断强化的市场竞争和创新导向的选择机制,才是自主创新成为中国高铁相关主体理性选择的主要原因。一方面,作为高铁装备用户方的铁路总公司出于安全可控和"组织合法性"的理性考虑,不断推进高铁全产业链的技术赶超和国产化;另一方面,在市场需求和技术机会的驱动下,作为供给方的高铁装备企业的企业家精神和管理层的实际控制权一定程度上弥补了国有产权本身的缺陷,更重要的是这些企业在体制内的治理结构和激励机制的改革和调适,不断挤压所有制本身的效率损失,促成了高强度的技术学习活动。
[Abstract]:High-speed rail is one of the most successful departments in China's technological catch-up since the reform and opening up. However, the high intensity government administrative intervention, the long-term administrative monopoly and the universal property right arrangement of state-owned enterprises, these intuitive judgments seem to be the main characteristics of China's high-speed rail system arrangement and industrial organization, but they are incompatible with the basic propositions such as market, competition and private property rights advocated by mainstream economics. Based on the extensive field investigation of all kinds of innovation subjects in China's high-speed rail sector, it is found that the improvement of the incentive structure of micro-subjects and the strengthening of market competition and innovation-oriented selection mechanism are the main reasons why independent innovation has become the rational choice of high-speed rail related subjects in China. On the one hand, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, the railway head office, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, constantly promotes the technological catch-up and localization of the whole high-speed rail industry chain because of the rational consideration of safety controllable and "organizational legitimacy"; On the other hand, driven by market demand and technological opportunities, the entrepreneurship of high-speed rail equipment enterprises as the supplier and the actual control of management make up for the defects of state-owned property rights to a certain extent. More importantly, the reform and adjustment of the governance structure and incentive mechanism of these enterprises in the system, constantly squeeze the efficiency loss of ownership itself, and promote high-intensity technical learning activities.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;
【分类号】：F532
本文编号：2528743
[Abstract]:High-speed rail is one of the most successful departments in China's technological catch-up since the reform and opening up. However, the high intensity government administrative intervention, the long-term administrative monopoly and the universal property right arrangement of state-owned enterprises, these intuitive judgments seem to be the main characteristics of China's high-speed rail system arrangement and industrial organization, but they are incompatible with the basic propositions such as market, competition and private property rights advocated by mainstream economics. Based on the extensive field investigation of all kinds of innovation subjects in China's high-speed rail sector, it is found that the improvement of the incentive structure of micro-subjects and the strengthening of market competition and innovation-oriented selection mechanism are the main reasons why independent innovation has become the rational choice of high-speed rail related subjects in China. On the one hand, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, the railway head office, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, constantly promotes the technological catch-up and localization of the whole high-speed rail industry chain because of the rational consideration of safety controllable and "organizational legitimacy"; On the other hand, driven by market demand and technological opportunities, the entrepreneurship of high-speed rail equipment enterprises as the supplier and the actual control of management make up for the defects of state-owned property rights to a certain extent. More importantly, the reform and adjustment of the governance structure and incentive mechanism of these enterprises in the system, constantly squeeze the efficiency loss of ownership itself, and promote high-intensity technical learning activities.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;
【分类号】：F532
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，本文编号：2528743
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