M企业挖掘机产品项目补货成本优化

发布时间：2018-01-21 23:11

本文关键词： 生产线配送物流补货方法看板配套补货　出处：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为满足用户日益多样化需求，制造企业持续的增加产品种类与型号，但是单一产品的生产批量却逐渐减小,这给制造企业的生产线补货系统带来了更大的压力。另一方面，随着劳动力成本上涨，生产线补货成本也持续上升，传统的依靠增大库存来满足生产线需求的做法，已经难以适应现代生产方式。当前应用较为普遍的生产线补货方法主要有：批量补货、看板补货、配套补货与顺序补货。但是配套补货、看板补货和批量补货只是作为企业把零部件送达生产线的不同选择，没有任何一种补货方法能够适应全部的生产情况，都存在各自的优点与缺点。同时在选择补货方法时需要考虑的因素很多，包括：产量、技术水平、人员素质、场地空间大小、产品产量与质量等。因此，如何综合考虑所有因素，得出最优化的补货方法或补货方法组合，就成为企业不得不面对的问题。本文提出了区别于大多数文献的观点：将上述诸多重要因素转化成单一评价指标-成本来综合评价生产线补货系统。本文通过首先分析生产制造企业的生产需求，包括物料的需求、场地需求及质量需求等，分析得到生产线物流作业的要求。然后介绍了几种常用补货方法的原理。其中包括：看板补货、顺序补货与配套补货。根据原理，分析了上述三种补货方法的优势与劣势，以及对其适用性给出了综合评价。同时分析了生产线的补货流程，探讨了流程中存在的问题与产生原因。建立了囊括整个补货流程的成本计算模型，该计算模型可以精确计算在不同补货方法下，每一种物料的补货成本，并能够反映不同补货方法对成本的影响。从而可以根据该模型的计算结果，选择最优化的补货方法，最终达到了降低企业运营成本的目的。最后，以M企业挖掘机产品项目为例，分析了该项目现有补货方法设计方案的原理，指出了该方案的不足。并依据成本计算模型，提出了两种新的补货方法设计方案:比例优化法与成本优化法。其中比例优化法印证了看板补货方法在补货成本上具有优势的结论。但是，，比例优化法也存在一定的局限。成本优化法能够量化不同补货方法对补货成本、装配成本及空间站用成本的影响，并通过选择成本最优的补货方法，达到降低上述成本的目的。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users, manufacturing enterprises continue to increase product types and models, but the production of a single product is gradually reduced. This puts more pressure on production line restocking systems in manufacturing enterprises. On the other hand, production line replenishment costs continue to rise as labour costs rise. The traditional method of relying on increasing inventory to meet the demand of production line has been difficult to adapt to the modern production mode. At present, the main methods of production line replenishment are: batch replenishment, Kanban replenishment. But matching replenishment, Kanban replenishment and batch replenishment are only different choices for enterprises to deliver parts to production line, and none of the replenishment methods can adapt to all production conditions. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, there are many factors to be considered in the selection of replenishment methods, including: output, technical level, personnel quality, space size, product output and quality. How to synthetically consider all the factors and get the optimal restocking method or restocking method is a problem that enterprises have to face. This paper puts forward a viewpoint which is different from most literature: to transform the above important factors into a single evaluation index-cost to evaluate the restocking system of production line synthetically. This paper first analyzes the production needs of manufacturing enterprises, including material requirements, site requirements and quality requirements. The requirements of production line logistics operation are analyzed. Then the principles of several common replenishment methods are introduced, including: Kanban replenishment, sequential replenishment and matching replenishment. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three restocking methods are analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation of their applicability is given. At the same time, the restocking process of the production line is analyzed. The problems and causes in the process are discussed. A cost calculation model covering the whole restocking process is established, which can accurately calculate the replenishment cost of each material under different replenishment methods. It can reflect the influence of different restocking methods on the cost, so that the optimal replenishment method can be selected according to the calculation results of the model, and finally the purpose of reducing the operating cost of the enterprise can be achieved. Finally, taking the excavator product project of M enterprise as an example, this paper analyzes the principle of the existing restocking method design scheme of the project, points out the deficiency of the scheme, and calculates the model according to the cost. Two new restocking methods are proposed: proportional optimization method and cost optimization method, among which the proportional optimization method confirms the conclusion that Kanban replenishment method has advantages in replenishment cost. The proportional optimization method also has some limitations. The cost optimization method can quantify the effects of different replenishment methods on replenishment cost, assembly cost and space station cost, and select the optimal replenishment method. To achieve the purpose of reducing the above cost.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.4;F406.7

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