新疆肉羊不同养殖方式的成本效益研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 07:50

本文选题：肉羊 + 养殖方式　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着我国社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，人们对畜产品的消费需求结构正在发生变化，其中对羊肉的需求变得越来越大。巨大的市场需求刺激了肉羊产业的发展，农区也加入了肉羊育肥的生产中，政府也加大了政策、资金的扶持力度。但是，供给的增加并没有平抑羊肉的销售价格。这主要是由于生产要素价格的上涨引起了养殖成本的增加，使得羊肉价格持续高位运行。这不仅影响了人们生活水平的提高，也降低了新疆肉羊产业的竞争力。因此，研究肉羊不同养殖方式下的成本和效益，探讨提高肉羊养殖经济效益的有效途径，对新疆肉羊产业的发展具有非常现实的经济意义。不仅满足市场需求，直接提高农牧民的收入水平，也增强了新疆肉羊产业的竞争力。此外，对新疆畜牧业生产方式的转型研究也具有很大的实际生产意义。为了探索提高肉羊养殖经济效益的途径，本文依据成本收益理论、比较优势理论及生产理论等理论基础。首先，通过对国内外肉羊的生产现状及肉羊养殖的成本收益情况进行了概括，并根据调研的实际情况将肉羊的养殖方式分为六种方式。然后通过这六种不同的养殖方式对新疆肉羊养殖的成本和收益情况进行了比较分析，从而发现肉羊养殖方式的差异性及其影响因素，，以及六种方式中相对成本低、效益高的养殖方式。最后根据上述的分析，探索出经济效益最高的养殖方式，进而提出降低新疆肉羊养殖成本和提高肉羊养殖效益的途径及其他有关的对策。通过研究发现：（1）成本由高到低依次是：全舍饲育肥、全舍饲自繁自育、暖季放牧+冷季舍饲、暖季放牧+冷季茬地放养+补饲、放牧+补饲、纯放牧。从绝对量来看，效益由高到低依次是：纯放牧、放牧+补饲、暖季放牧+冷季茬地放养+补饲、暖季放牧+冷季舍饲、全舍饲自繁自育、全舍饲育肥。（2）饲草料费是影响养殖成本的主要因素，其次是人工成本、仔畜费用及交易成本。（3）资源禀赋条件是影响养殖方式的最根本的因素。（4）六种养殖方式相对来看，无论是养殖成本较低、效益较高，还是资源充分利用方面，暖季放牧+冷季舍饲的养殖方式都是值得大力提倡的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of China's social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the structure of consumption demand for livestock products is changing, and the demand for mutton is becoming more and more. The huge market demand stimulates the development of meat sheep industry, the agricultural area also joined in the meat sheep fattening production, the government also increased the policy, the fund support strength. However, the increase in supply has not calmed down the selling price of mutton. This is mainly due to the increase in production factor prices caused by the increase in breeding costs, making mutton prices continue to run high. This not only affected the improvement of people's living standards, but also reduced the competitiveness of Xinjiang sheep industry. Therefore, studying the cost and benefit of meat sheep under different breeding methods and exploring the effective ways to improve the economic benefit of meat sheep breeding have very realistic economic significance for the development of meat sheep industry in Xinjiang. Not only to meet the market demand, directly improve the income level of farmers and herdsmen, but also enhance the competitiveness of Xinjiang meat sheep industry. In addition, the study on the transformation of animal husbandry production mode in Xinjiang also has great practical significance. In order to explore the ways to improve the economic efficiency of meat sheep breeding, this paper bases on the theory of cost and income, comparative advantage and production. Firstly, this paper summarizes the current situation of meat sheep production at home and abroad and the cost and income of meat sheep breeding, and divides the meat sheep breeding methods into six ways according to the actual situation of investigation. Then through the comparative analysis of the cost and income of Xinjiang mutton sheep breeding through these six different breeding methods, it is found that the differences of meat sheep breeding methods and their influencing factors, as well as the relative cost of the six ways are low. Efficient breeding method. Finally, according to the above analysis, this paper explores the highest economic efficiency of breeding, and then puts forward the ways to reduce the cost of raising meat sheep in Xinjiang and to improve the efficiency of raising meat sheep and other relevant countermeasures. It was found that the order of cost from high to low was: whole house fattening, whole house feeding self-breeding, warm season grazing in cold season, warm season grazing in cold season, stocking in warm season and cold season stubble land, grazing supplement feeding, and pure grazing. In absolute terms, the order of benefit from high to low is: pure grazing, grazing supplement, warm season grazing and cold season stubble, warm season grazing and cold season feeding, whole house feeding and self-breeding. (2) forage fee is the main factor affecting the breeding cost, followed by labor cost, and the resource endowment condition is the most fundamental factor. Whether the breeding cost is low, the benefit is high, or the resources are fully utilized, the breeding method of warm season grazing and cold season feeding is worthy to be strongly advocated.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F326.3;F302.6

【参考文献】