油菜不同种植方式成本及效益比较分析

发布时间：2018-11-27 08:48

【摘要】：以杂交油菜新品种宁杂21号为材料,采用大面积生产上常见的3种移栽种植和2种直播种植方式,在高产栽培条件下研究不同种植方式的产量水平和经济效益,分析比较不同种植方式的用工、农资和农机成本,探索降低生产成本、提高经济效益的途径。结果表明,5种种植方式都能取得高产,平均产量达到3 282.30 kg/hm2,变幅为2 899.50~3 642.00 kg/hm2,虽然移栽种植的产量水平和总产值分别高于直播种植429.25 kg/hm2和2 189.18元/hm2,但直播种植的生产成本低于移栽种植2 098.81元/hm2,经济效益基本持平。试验结果还表明在油菜生产成本中,人工成本占60%以上,其中收获用工成本又占人工成本的50%左右。因此,在目前生产条件下,应用直播种植、机械收获,可有效降低生产成本,提高油菜经济效益。
[Abstract]:A new hybrid rapeseed cultivar Ningza 21 was used to study the yield level and economic benefit of different planting methods under the conditions of high-yield cultivation by using three kinds of transplanting and two direct seeding methods which are common in large area production. This paper analyzes and compares the cost of employment, agricultural materials and agricultural machinery of different planting methods, and explores the ways to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. The results showed that all the five planting methods could achieve high yield, with an average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, and a range of 2 899.50 ~ 3 642.00 kg/hm2,. Although the yield level and output value of transplanting planting were higher than 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan / hm2, of direct seeding, the economic benefit of direct seeding was lower than that of transplanting 2 098.81 yuan / hm2,. The results also showed that the labor cost accounted for more than 60% of the rapeseed production cost, and the harvest labor cost accounted for about 50% of the labor cost. Therefore, under the present production conditions, the application of direct seeding and mechanical harvesting can effectively reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit of rape.
【作者单位】：江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室;江苏省扬州市江都区农业技术推广中心;
【基金】：江苏省科技支撑计划(编号:BE2012327) 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[编号:CX(14)2003]
【分类号】：F326.12;F302.6

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