北京市农民专业合作社融资问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-21 14:14
【摘要】：任何经济组织的发展壮大都离不开资金的支持。伴随着农民专业合作社的发展壮大，融资问题日益凸显已成为制约当前北京市农民专业合作社发展的瓶颈问题。本论文以北京市农民专业合作社为研究对象，采取问卷调研和实地调研的方式，共发放调研问卷99份，先后实地调研了密云、平谷、通州等区县合作社典型融资案例，同密云农业担保公司、北京农业担保公司、农业银行北京分行等农村金融机构负责人座谈，进行了充分深入的前期调研。在此基础上，客观分析了北京市农民专业合作社融资难现状，总结了目前北京市在破解合作社融资难问题上实践探索的四种模式，并对上述模式进行了比较研究，最后提出相应的对策建议。 本论文主要结论如下： 1、目前北京市农民专业合作社存在强烈的资金需求。 2、合作社资金需求以生产性资金需求为主，资金需求期限以一到三年为主，资金需求时间呈现不确定性。银行是合作社最期望的融资渠道。但由于缺乏抵押品和银行苛刻的信贷条件，广泛存在一批“无信心的非借贷者”。 3、外部融资是合作社做大做强的重要支撑。但从贷款用途看，银行更偏重于流动资金贷款，而合作社资金需求主要为固定资产投资贷款。银行贷款和合作社资金需求之间存在明显的结构矛盾。从贷款利率来看，贷款的平均利率为6.72%。本地商业银行贷款利率最低，邮政储蓄银行贷款利率最高，村镇银行和国开行居中。从利率形成来看，专业合作社贷款远非一个竞争的市场，银行间差异较大的利率水平反映了信贷约束问题比较严重。 4、内部信用合作是农户之间进行内部资金融通的重要渠道，但内部信用合作集中起来的资金并未发挥应有的作用，政府的贴息出现“利差倒挂”不利于合作社的长远发展和信用意识培养。 5、北京市在破解合作社融资问题的实践探索上形成了四种典型模式：①组建农业担保公司，政府对合作社贷款贴息和保费支持模式②合作社林权抵押贷款模式③合作社联保贷模式④合作社内部资金互助模式。分别分析了每种模式的运行机制、优势、适用条件和范围，并对四种模式进行了对比分析，为不同的合作社选择融资模式作出依据。 6、对合作社融资问题的对策建议包括营造合作社融资的社会环境、完善合作社融资的政策支持体系、建立合作社融资的信用评价体系、加强合作社的内部管理、提升融资实力。
[Abstract]:The development and growth of any economic organization can not be separated from the support of funds. With the development and growth of farmers' professional cooperatives, the financing problem has become a bottleneck restricting the development of farmers' professional cooperatives in Beijing. This paper takes Beijing farmers' professional cooperatives as the research object, adopts the way of questionnaire investigation and field investigation, sends out a total of 99 questionnaires, has investigated the typical financing cases of Miyun, Pinggu, Tongzhou and other districts and counties, and discussed with the heads of rural financial institutions such as Miyun Agricultural guarantee Company, Beijing Agricultural guarantee Company, Agricultural Bank of China Beijing Branch and so on. On this basis, this paper objectively analyzes the present situation of the financing difficulties of farmers' professional cooperatives in Beijing, summarizes the four modes of practical exploration on solving the financing difficulties of cooperatives in Beijing at present, and makes a comparative study on the above models, and finally puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. At present, there is a strong demand for funds in Beijing farmers' professional cooperatives. 2. The capital demand of cooperatives is mainly productive capital demand, the duration of capital demand is one to three years, and the time of capital demand is uncertain. Banks are the most expected financing channels for cooperatives. However, due to the lack of collateral and stringent bank credit conditions, there is a wide range of "unconfident non-borrowers." 3. External financing is an important support for cooperatives to become bigger and stronger. However, from the point of view of loan use, banks pay more attention to liquidity loans, and cooperative capital demand is mainly fixed asset investment loans. There is an obvious structural contradiction between bank loans and cooperative capital demand. Judging from the interest rate of the loan, the average interest rate of the loan is 6.72%. Local commercial bank loan interest rate is the lowest, postal savings bank loan interest rate is the highest, village bank and CDB are in the middle. From the point of view of interest rate formation, professional cooperative loans are far from a competitive market, and the different interest rate levels between banks reflect the serious problem of credit constraints. 4. Internal credit cooperation is an important channel for farmers to carry out internal capital financing, but the funds concentrated in internal credit cooperation have not played their due role. The "upside down" of government discount is not conducive to the long-term development of cooperatives and the cultivation of credit awareness. 5. Beijing has formed four typical models in the practical exploration of solving the financing problems of cooperatives: (1) the establishment of agricultural guarantee companies, the government's discount and premium support mode for cooperative loans, the cooperative forest right mortgage model (3), the cooperative co-guarantee mode (4), the cooperative internal financial assistance mode (4). This paper analyzes the operation mechanism, advantages, applicable conditions and scope of each mode, and makes a comparative analysis of the four modes, so as to provide the basis for different cooperatives to choose the financing mode. 6. the countermeasures and suggestions for cooperative financing include creating the social environment of cooperative financing, perfecting the policy support system of cooperative financing, establishing the credit evaluation system of cooperative financing, strengthening the internal management of cooperatives and improving the financing strength.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F302.6;F321.42
本文编号：2504137
[Abstract]:The development and growth of any economic organization can not be separated from the support of funds. With the development and growth of farmers' professional cooperatives, the financing problem has become a bottleneck restricting the development of farmers' professional cooperatives in Beijing. This paper takes Beijing farmers' professional cooperatives as the research object, adopts the way of questionnaire investigation and field investigation, sends out a total of 99 questionnaires, has investigated the typical financing cases of Miyun, Pinggu, Tongzhou and other districts and counties, and discussed with the heads of rural financial institutions such as Miyun Agricultural guarantee Company, Beijing Agricultural guarantee Company, Agricultural Bank of China Beijing Branch and so on. On this basis, this paper objectively analyzes the present situation of the financing difficulties of farmers' professional cooperatives in Beijing, summarizes the four modes of practical exploration on solving the financing difficulties of cooperatives in Beijing at present, and makes a comparative study on the above models, and finally puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. At present, there is a strong demand for funds in Beijing farmers' professional cooperatives. 2. The capital demand of cooperatives is mainly productive capital demand, the duration of capital demand is one to three years, and the time of capital demand is uncertain. Banks are the most expected financing channels for cooperatives. However, due to the lack of collateral and stringent bank credit conditions, there is a wide range of "unconfident non-borrowers." 3. External financing is an important support for cooperatives to become bigger and stronger. However, from the point of view of loan use, banks pay more attention to liquidity loans, and cooperative capital demand is mainly fixed asset investment loans. There is an obvious structural contradiction between bank loans and cooperative capital demand. Judging from the interest rate of the loan, the average interest rate of the loan is 6.72%. Local commercial bank loan interest rate is the lowest, postal savings bank loan interest rate is the highest, village bank and CDB are in the middle. From the point of view of interest rate formation, professional cooperative loans are far from a competitive market, and the different interest rate levels between banks reflect the serious problem of credit constraints. 4. Internal credit cooperation is an important channel for farmers to carry out internal capital financing, but the funds concentrated in internal credit cooperation have not played their due role. The "upside down" of government discount is not conducive to the long-term development of cooperatives and the cultivation of credit awareness. 5. Beijing has formed four typical models in the practical exploration of solving the financing problems of cooperatives: (1) the establishment of agricultural guarantee companies, the government's discount and premium support mode for cooperative loans, the cooperative forest right mortgage model (3), the cooperative co-guarantee mode (4), the cooperative internal financial assistance mode (4). This paper analyzes the operation mechanism, advantages, applicable conditions and scope of each mode, and makes a comparative analysis of the four modes, so as to provide the basis for different cooperatives to choose the financing mode. 6. the countermeasures and suggestions for cooperative financing include creating the social environment of cooperative financing, perfecting the policy support system of cooperative financing, establishing the credit evaluation system of cooperative financing, strengthening the internal management of cooperatives and improving the financing strength.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F302.6;F321.42
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