近代陕西关中岁时禁忌研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 16:12

本文选题：近代 + 关中地区　；参考：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：陕西素称“三秦”,由陕北、关中和陕南三大区域构成。中国农耕文明发祥地之一的陕西关中平原具有独特的“尚农”遗风和古都王朝的威慑力,在从众心理的干涉下,其社会风俗也具有一定的典型特征。近代中国处于“数千年来未有之大变局”时代,在诸多变迁中,作为最基层反映民众社会生活方式的岁时禁忌,可以曲折反映出近代社会生活的变化。明清以后资本主义工商业举步。近代西俗东渐之风不断拂动着关中地区岁时禁忌的变化,移风易俗活动遂应运而起。西安易俗社大力推进易俗活动,些新兴的西方节日层出不穷呈现在人们生活之中,与此相关的节日禁忌也有所改变,表现为民主色彩渐浓、健康气息弥漫并且崇尚娱乐休闲。结合近代(1840—1949年)陕西地方志史料,本文重点探讨了活跃在关中地区的七种岁时节日禁忌。即春节、二月二、清明节、端午节、乞巧节、中秋节和重阳节。具体禁忌形态包括语言禁忌、器物禁忌、行为禁忌、礼仪禁忌、性别禁忌、物候禁忌、食物禁忌、劳作禁忌、健康禁忌等众多方面。纵观剧变的近代舞台,传统的岁时禁忌形态因其稳定的结构而不断传承,一些早在远古产生的禁忌事项,不但没有随着历史前进的步伐而改变,没有随着人类生产能力和科技智力水平地不断提高而消失,反而更多地被潜移默化的接受着、传播着。这种现象的出现表明岁时禁忌具有其独特的社会调控功能。其中比较显著的是道德教化功能,鼓励人们弃恶扬善,提倡敬亲爱幼,教育子女社会养成功能同时有利于协调人与自然的关系,强化民众凝聚力,从而加强社会控制。尽管传统岁时禁忌在协调人与自然,人与人之间社会关系方面有抑恶扬善和防微杜渐的作用。但传统社会的岁时禁忌实质上是在手工劳动的生产技术条件下,人们对自然和社会发展规律认识低下的产物,是人们在风雨莫测的自然现象和变动不居的社会现象面前缺乏生命安全感的一种无奈叹息和自我保护。因而,具有它内在的社会历史局限性。
[Abstract]:Shaanxi called the "three Qin", by northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi three major regions. Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, one of the birthplaces of Chinese agricultural civilization, has the unique "Shannong" style and the deterrent power of the ancient capital dynasty, and its social customs also have some typical characteristics under the interference of conformity psychology. Modern China is in the era of "no great change in thousands of years". Among the many changes, the taboo as the most basic reflecting the social life style of the people can reflect the changes of the modern social life with twists and turns. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, capitalist industry and commerce moved forward. In modern times, the trend of western customs spreading to the east is constantly changing the taboo in Guanzhong area. Xi'an Folk Society vigorously promoted the activities of changing customs, some new western festivals appeared in people's lives one after another, and the relevant holiday taboos also changed, showing that democratic color, healthy atmosphere and advocating entertainment and leisure. Based on the historical data of Shaanxi local chronicles from 1840 to 1949, this paper focuses on the seven holiday taboos in Guanzhong. That is, Spring Festival, February 2, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qiqiao Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double-ninth Day. The specific taboo forms include language taboo, utensil taboo, behavior taboo, etiquette taboo, gender taboo, phenological taboo, food taboo, labor taboo, health taboo and so on. Throughout the dramatic change of the modern stage, the traditional taboo form of age has been continuously inherited because of its stable structure. Some taboos that arose as early as ancient times have not changed with the pace of historical progress. Instead of disappearing with the continuous improvement of human productivity and scientific and technological intelligence, it is more and more accepted and spread. The appearance of this phenomenon shows that taboo has its unique social regulation function. The function of moral education encourages people to abandon evil and promote good, to promote respect for the young, to educate children to develop the function of society at the same time to coordinate the relationship between nature and the people, to strengthen the cohesion of the people, and to strengthen social control. Although traditional taboos at the age of age are to coordinate with nature, the social relationship between human beings has the function of promoting good and preventing the gradual spread of evil. But the taboo in the traditional society is essentially the result of people's low understanding of the laws of natural and social development under the condition of the production technology of manual labor. It is a kind of helpless sigh and self-protection that people lack the sense of life security in the face of unpredictable natural phenomena and changing social phenomena. Therefore, it has its inherent social and historical limitations.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K892.1

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