从三都水族端节看贵州民族节日经济的打造与发展

发布时间：2018-07-24 10:19

【摘要】：近些年来，我国民族地区利用丰富的自然风光和民族文化旅游资源，大力发展旅游业，取得了显著的成就。在旅游业发展中，一些民族利用本民族独特的民族节日，通过打造，形成民族节日经济，取得了较为显著的社会效益和经济效益，有力地促进了旅游业的发展和推动了地区经济文化的发展。但在民族节日经济的打造、发展过程中，有的地区也存在不尊重客观规律、盲目跟风等问题，给地区旅游、经济的发展带来了负面影响。在此情况下，通过对已打造成功的节日经济的典型个案，总结出其成功的经验；通过节日经济打造中存在的问题的原因探析，找到教训。这些都将为民族节日经济的健康、可持续地发展，具有重要意义。本论题正是通过对三都水族端节进行较为深入地田野调查，探究水族端节是如何从传统、功能单一的水族节日，经过打造形成传统与现代相结合，从单一的文化功能演变为集经济、文化等多功能的民族节日，从而打造成为具民族经济与民族文化共同发展的“民族节日经济”的特点的节日的。并从水族端节的打造个案，总结形成“民族节日经济”的经验以及教训，探寻出其打造、发展的规律。三都水族端节具有传统悠久的历史，传统端节内容主要是祭祖、赛马、走亲访友，具有过节时间长、节日批次多以及节日文化活动色彩浓郁等特点。三都水族端节的打造始于2004年，随着2006水族端节申遗的成功，更加引起三都县党委和政府的高度重视，更加加快了打造端节的步伐。2010年，黔南州旅游发展大会、“中国水族文化旅游节”在三都县端节期间隆重举行，将三都水族端节节日经济的打造推上了高潮。端节节日经济的打造使得水族端节盛况非凡：节日中的内容不断丰富多彩，节日中的民间工艺、农贸市场、烟酒副食贸易逐年繁荣。同时，，三都县内交通、住宿、饮食等有了极大的改观。端节节日经济的打造与形成取得了显著的成效，对三都水族地区商品经济与水族文化的发展及三都地区旅游业的发展具有重大意义。但在端节节日经济的打造过程中也存在节日面临商业化、节日文化变迁的步伐加快，以及基础设施建设需进一步完善等问题。从端节节日经济的打造成功来看，民族节日经济打造与形成应具备的主要要素和条件是：民族节日经济中的节日，应具有悠久历史、最具该民族文化的典型性、最有鉴赏性的特点；节日所在地应具备吃、住、行、游、购、娱较为齐备的旅游六要素；外部环境上，要具备全国旅游业的兴起、国家对民族地区旅游经济发展的重视等有利时机，还需要省、州、县（市）对本民族地区旅游经济发展的支持，当地政府的领导与当地民众的认同和积极地参与等。通过对端节打造这个个案的探析，得出的一些启示是：贵州民族节日经济的打造应准确地选点。选点是打造的关键，盲目地选点将事倍功半，得不偿失；民族节日经济打造与发展必须尊重客观规律，切忌急功近利，“人为造节”；民族节日经济的打造与发展，应注重民族节日的资源保护、积极发展节日期间的旅游产品、继续完善节日所在地的基础设施建设、加强对民间艺人技艺的培养和传承、加强政府对民族节日旅游的组织与管理，走可持续发展之路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's ethnic regions have made great efforts to develop tourism with rich natural scenery and cultural tourism resources, and have made remarkable achievements in the development of tourism. In the development of tourism, some ethnic groups have made use of their own national festivals to create a national holiday economy, and have achieved significant social and economic benefits. It has promoted the development of tourism and promoted the development of regional economy and culture, but in the process of economic development and development of national festivals, some areas also have problems such as disrespect for objective laws, blindly following the wind and so on, which have brought negative effects on regional tourism and economic development.
In this case, the successful experience of the festival economy has been summed up by the typical case of the successful Festival economy, and a lesson is found through the reasons for the problems existing in the holiday economy. These will all be of great importance for the healthy and sustainable development of the national festival economy. A more in-depth field survey is conducted to explore how the water family festival is from traditional and functional Festival, through the formation of a combination of traditional and modern, from a single cultural function to a multi-functional national festival that integrates economic, cultural and other functions, thus creating a "national festival" with national economy and national culture. The characteristics of the festival of "Ji", and from the case of the aquarium Festival, summarize the experience and lessons of the "national holiday economy", and explore the rules of its development and development.
The three duo Festival has a long traditional history. The main content of the traditional festival is the ancestor worship, the horse racing, the visit to friends, the long festival time, the lot of holiday batches and the rich cultural activities of the festival.
With the success of the 2006 Shui Ethnic Group, the third party's Dragon Festival has been built in 2004. It has brought more attention to the Party committee and the government of the three prefectures. It has accelerated the.2010 year of creating the Dragon Festival. The Qiannan State Tourism Development Conference and the "Chinese aquarium cultural tourism Festival" were held in the three prefectures. The building of the Japanese economy has pushed up the climax. The festival economy has made the Dragon Festival extraordinary: the content of the festival is rich and colorful, the folk arts and crafts in the festival, the farmers' market, the trade of tobacco and wine and the food flourish year by year. At the same time, the traffic, accommodation and diet in the county of San Du have been greatly improved. It has made significant achievements. It is of great significance to the development of the commodity economy and the aquarium culture and the development of the tourism in the three capital areas. However, in the process of creating the festival economy, there are also many problems, such as the commercialization of festivals, the quickening pace of Festival cultural changes, and the further improvement of the infrastructure construction.
From the success of the festival economy, the main elements and conditions for the formation and formation of the national festival economy are: the festivals in the national festival economy should have a long history, the most typical and the most appreciative characteristics of the national culture; the place where the festival is located should be equipped with a comprehensive tour to eat, live, travel, travel, buy and amuse. The six elements, the external environment, should have the rise of the national tourism industry, the national tourism economic development of national areas and other favorable opportunities, also need provincial, state, county (city) to support the tourism economic development of the ethnic areas, local government leaders and local people to recognize and actively participate in.
Through the analysis of this case, some revelations are drawn that the economy of the national festivals in Guizhou should be selected accurately. The selection point is the key to building the national festival. To build and develop the festival economy, we should pay attention to the protection of national festival resources, actively develop the tourist products during the festival, continue to improve the infrastructure construction of the site of the festival, strengthen the cultivation and inheritance of folk art, strengthen the government's organization and management of the national holiday tourism, and take the road of sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.7;K892.1

【参考文献】