高投融资担保公司风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 14:33

本文选题：高投融资担保　切入点：风险管理　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中小企业尤其是科技型中小企业是保持国民经济平稳较快发展的重要力量,也是吸纳就业的主要渠道。但是在其生存发展的过程中,面临着较为普遍的“融资难”等问题。虽然,目前各级政府相继出台了一系列扶持政策,加大对科技型中小企业融资支持的力度,但是由于科技型中小企业常常存在抵押物不足、反担保措施不够、自身生产风险大等问题,造成商业银行“惜贷”现象严重。作为准金融机构的各类担保机构的介入为科技型中小企业“融资难”解决提供了一种途径,一些政府性担保公司创新业务方式,比如接受专利等商业银行不容易接受的反担保措施,降低其融资担保门槛,以政府的公共信用资源为其提供准公共品。但是,这种创新必然带来门槛的降低和风险的增加,把风险转嫁到担保机构身上,其可能是收取2-5%的担保费,却要承担100%的代偿风险,因此科学分析担保机构面临的风险问题,有助于担保机构的长远发展。本文首先分析了融资担保的概念、基本理论、主要模式、业务类型等,针对融资担保风险涵盖的政策风险、法律风险、市场风险等系统风险,以及代偿风险(信用风险)、第三方信用风险、管理风险等非系统风险进行研究,并研究其特点和产生的根源,认为要强化风险管理,着重要通过风险的识别、预测和衡量,选择有效的手段,有效控制和化解风险,并总结了日本等国家在控制融资担保风险的先进经验。其次从知识产权质押融资、担保换期权等主要业务开展,分析高投融资担保近年的发展,并对其面临的风险环境进行分析,主要是涉及代偿风险、资源不足、内部管理等内部控制风险,监管过多过细、自主创新不够等政策风险,行业发展规范性不够等行业风险,面临其他政策性担保机构、商业担保机构、专业担保机构等竞争的市场风险。第三,以DF软件的融资担保业务,研究项目主要决策流程及其风险控制机制。着力研究四个方面:一是担保调查、担保评审、担保决策、担保后续程序等项目主要决策流程;二是风险识别的要求和原则;三是全员风险管理、全面风险管理、全程风险管理等项目风险控制机制;四是从实现条件可控、实现评审可控、实现手段可控、实现监督可控等四个方面提出项目风险控制与化解方案。我们认为,提升高投融资担保风险管理水平,一是要着力从内控制度、构建信用体系、优化产业布局、创新业务模式、推进团队建设等方面完善内部风险控制机制建设;二是要着力从推动政府政策创新、推动政府监管创新、完善征信制度建设等方面促进政策风险化解机制建设;三是要从企业自身考虑推动行业风险化解机制建设。
[Abstract]:Small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and medium-sized technological enterprises, are the important force to maintain the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and also the main channels to absorb employment.However, in the process of its survival and development, it is faced with more common "financing difficulties" and other problems.Although at present, governments at all levels have successively issued a series of supporting policies to increase financing support for small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises, however, because there are often insufficient collateral for technology-based SMEs, counter-guarantee measures are not enough.Its own production risk and other problems, resulting in commercial banks, "reluctant lending" phenomenon is serious.The involvement of various guarantee organizations as quasi-financial institutions provides a way to solve the "financing difficulties" of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises, and some government-sponsored companies innovate their business methods.For example, accepting the patent and other commercial banks is not easy to accept the counter-guarantee measures, reduce its financing guarantee threshold, and provide quasi-public goods with the government's public credit resources.However, this innovation will inevitably lead to the reduction of threshold and the increase of risk. The risk may be transferred to the guarantee institution, which may be charged 2-5% of the guarantee fee, but it will have to bear 100% of the compensatory risk. Therefore, the risk problems faced by the guarantee organization will be scientifically analyzed.Contribute to the long-term development of the guarantee agency.This paper first analyzes the concept, basic theory, main mode, business type of financing guarantee, aiming at the systemic risks, such as policy risk, legal risk, market risk and so on.As well as compensatory risk (credit risk, third party credit risk, management risk and other non-systematic risk research, and study its characteristics and root causes, it is considered that to strengthen risk management, it is important to identify, predict and measure the risk.This paper chooses effective means to control and defuse risks effectively, and sums up the advanced experiences of Japan and other countries in controlling financing guarantee risk.Secondly, it analyzes the development of high investment and financing guarantee in recent years from the main business of intellectual property pledge financing, guarantee exchange option and so on, and analyzes the risk environment it faces, which mainly involves compensatory risk and insufficient resources.Internal control risks such as internal management, excessive supervision, insufficient independent innovation, and other industry risks, such as inadequate industry development norms, are facing other policy guarantee agencies and commercial guarantee agencies,The market risk of competition such as professional guarantee organization.Thirdly, the main decision-making process and risk control mechanism of the project are studied with the financing guarantee business of DF software.Focus on four aspects: first, guarantee investigation, guarantee review, guarantee decision-making, guarantee follow-up procedures, etc.; second, requirements and principles of risk identification; third, all-staff risk management, comprehensive risk management,The fourth is to put forward the project risk control and solution scheme from four aspects: the condition controllable, the evaluation controllable, the means controllable, the supervision controllable and so on.We believe that to improve the risk management level of high investment and financing guarantee, we should improve the internal risk control mechanism from the aspects of internal control system, building credit system, optimizing industrial layout, innovating business model, promoting team building and so on.The second is to promote government policy innovation, promote government regulatory innovation, improve the credit system construction and other aspects to promote the construction of policy risk resolution mechanism; third, from the enterprise own considerations to promote the industry risk resolution mechanism construction.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F272.3;F832.39

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