中国环境治理中的多元主体交互影响机制及实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 02:06

  本文关键词：中国环境治理中的多元主体交互影响机制及实证研究　出处：《湖南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 多元主体 晋升激励 政企偏好 民间环保 经济增长质量 公众环境福利 工业绿色生产率

【摘要】：近年来,随着中国整体的工业化进程步入中后期阶段,西方发达国家在工业化进程中曾经遭遇的环境污染难题似乎在中国重新上演。来自环境监测部门的数据表明,近年来中国的空气质量和淡水质量已经恶化至触目惊心的地步。与之相对的是,尽管自上世纪90年代伊始,中央政府对于环境问题的重视程度与环境规制力度一直在不断增强,但未能明显遏止地区环境质量的恶化,部分地区的生态环境甚至遭受了不可逆转的破坏。令人忧虑的是,环境污染不仅会影响公众健康并诱发严重的疾病威胁,源于对企业污染行为和政府环境治理表现不满的环境群体性事件一旦爆发,可能以突发、过激的形式对经济社会带来严重破坏。比较遗憾的是,当前主流研究通常基于政府环境规制有效性的基本假设展开分析,针对日益严厉的环境规制政策依然未能遏制中国环境质量恶化的问题,多数文献并未给出系统全面的、令人信服的解释。本文正是为弥补现有研究的不足或缺失所做的努力尝试。本文在吸收以往研究成果的基础上,从中国环境治理中的正式制度与隐性非正式制度双重约束视角,提出“晋升激励”、“政企偏好”和“环境寻租”等系列假说。同时沿着中国环境治理中的“地方政府—地方企业—地方公众”三方主体交互影响的逻辑主线,分别探讨了晋升激励下的地方政府通过市场分割策略影响区域宏观经济增长质量的机理、地方政府与企业的偏好组合质量通过空间关联影响公众微观环境福利的机理、地方公众通过民间环保活动压缩地方政府与企业的寻租合谋空间进而倒逼区域绿色生产率增长的机理,尝试构建一个内涵丰富、逻辑严谨的中国环境治理问题研究框架。本文依据中国区域层面的经济与环境统计数据和区域工业企业数据,在相关理论建模与命题假设的基础上,利用近年来最新发展的网络DEA模型、空间计量模型等方法进行了实证检验。首先,本文详细评估了中国30个省份的区域工业污染水平和工业碳排放水平,同时比较环境污染的经济成本和公众的环境代价及其变动差异,并初步探讨了经济增长与环境污染可能存在的时空关联特征。研究发现基于经济成本和公众代价视角评测的区域环境质量差异较大,尽管中国的区域工业污染强度和碳排放强度总体呈负向增长趋势,但人均污染承受水平却多保持正向增速。此外,空间统计分析的结果证实中国区域之间的环境质量存在较显著的空间关联性特征,表明中国不同区域之间的环境治理面临着协同与冲突共存的复杂特征。其次,本文分析了晋升激励下的地方政府通过市场分割对区域经济增长质量产生的影响。利用全局参比价格法评测了中国各区域的要素市场分割水平,将能源要素投入和环境污染等非期望产出纳入分析框架,测度以资源配置效率刻画的区域经济增长质量。研究发现无论基于传统的地理邻近参比价格法,还是修正的全局参比价格法,其所测度的要素市场分割均对以资源配置效率刻画的区域经济增长质量产生了负向影响,且均存在正向的空间溢出效应。证明“以邻为壑”的经济竞赛策略不仅对本区域资源配置效率产生抑制作用,从而降低自身的经济增长质量,还将导致区域之间的资源配置效率差距扩大,终将使区域自身的经济增长质量陷入“经济盆地”的困境。再次,本文尝试依据地方政府与企业的不同偏好组合来解释区域环境规制政策失效的原因。本文构建了全新的政企偏好组合质量评价模型和考虑环境污染对公众健康影响的环境福利绩效评价模型,并实现了省级面板数据和微观企业面板数据的合理对接。研究发现更高水平的政企偏好组合质量不仅有助于降低区域的人均污染排放量,并通过空间溢出效应改善了其他地区的环境质量,还将在缓解区域环境污染对公众健康威胁的同时改善公众享有的环境福利绩效。最后,本文探讨了公众环保诉求是否会压缩政企之间的合谋空间,倒逼工业企业选择绿色技术创新以提升绿色生产率水平,最终使区域环境治理绩效得以改善。研究发现相对于环境污染导致的被动环保诱因,公众易受收入水平、教育质量和健康关注度等理性环保诱因的影响。民间环保将倒逼工业企业的绿色技术创新,而寻租活动会阻碍绿色生产率的改进。当工业绿色生产率的分位点由低向高推移,民间环保对其正向影响也愈加显著,理性环保诉求对于高、低分位点的工业绿色生产率分别呈正、负向影响,证明“波特假说”应满足靠近技术前沿面的前提条件。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the late stage Chinese overall entering into the industrialization process, environmental pollution problems in western developed countries have encountered in the process of industrialization seems to be Chinese again. From the environmental monitoring department data show that in recent years Chinese air quality and water quality has deteriorated to the shocking extent. By contrast, though since the beginning of last century in 90s, the central government pay attention to the environmental problems and the degree of environmental regulation has been constantly enhanced, but failed to significantly curb deterioration of environmental quality, the ecological environment in some areas even suffered irreversible damage. The worry is that environmental pollution will not only affect the public health and disease threat. Environmental group events due to dissatisfaction with the enterprise pollution behavior and government environmental governance performance once the outbreak, likely to burst, too The form of shock caused serious damage on the economy and society. Unfortunately, the current mainstream research is usually based on the basic assumption of government environmental regulation effectiveness analysis, aiming at the increasingly stringent environmental regulation policy still failed to curb the deterioration of China environmental quality issues, most of the literature did not give a systematic and convincing explanation. This is for lack of trying to make up the existing research. Based on absorbing the results of previous studies, from the perspective of China carbonemission formal system and informal system of implicit dual constraints, put forward the "promotion", "government preference" and "rent-seeking environment" and other series of hypothesis. At the same time along Chinese environmental governance the local government and local businesses and local public "three body interaction logic line are discussed under the promotion incentive to The government through the mechanism of market segmentation strategy affects the quality of regional economic growth, local government and enterprise preference combination quality through the spatial correlation mechanism of micro environment affect the public welfare, public environmental protection activities through private rent-seeking compression of local government and the conspiracy of forced mechanism of regional green space and productivity growth, try to build a connotation rich, rigorous logic China environmental governance framework. Based on the regional level China environmental and economic statistical data and regional data of industrial enterprises, based on related theoretical model and propositions on the assumption of the model is the latest development of the DEA network in recent years, the spatial econometric model for empirical test. First of all, in this paper, a detailed assessment of Chinese 30 provinces regional industrial pollution level and industrial carbon emission levels, and compare the environmental pollution The economic costs and environmental costs of public changes and differences, and to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial relationships between economic growth and environmental pollution may exist. The study found that the regional environmental quality difference of economic cost and public cost perspective evaluation based on large, despite the negative growth trend of regional industrial pollution intensity and carbon emission intensity was Chinese, but the per capita level is more contaminantholding to maintain positive growth. In addition, the spatial statistical analysis results confirm the existence of the feature space related significant environmental quality China between regions, indicating that the environmental governance between different regions of China faces and complex characteristics of the coexistence of cooperative conflict. Secondly, this paper analyzes the promotion incentives of local government under the effect of market segmentation on the quality of regional economic growth. The global reference price evaluation method of market elements China regional division Cut level, energy inputs and environmental pollution and other undesirable output into the analysis framework of regional economic growth, to measure the quality of the efficiency of resource allocation. The study found that both characterizations of the traditional reference price method based on geographic proximity, or modified global reference price method, factor market segmentation of the measure of the quality of regional economy in order to increase the efficiency of resource allocation described has a negative effect, and there are positive spillover effect. That "economic competition strategy of beggar thy neighbor" not only inhibited the regional resource allocation efficiency, thus reducing the quality of economic growth itself, will also lead to the widening gap between the efficiency of the allocation of resources between regions, will make the economy the quality of growth itself into a regional economic basin dilemma. Thirdly, this paper according to the different combination of preference of local governments and enterprises to explain The reasons of regional environmental regulation policy failure. This paper constructs the evaluation of environmental quality evaluation of government welfare performance preference combination new model and consider the impact of environmental pollution on the public health model, and realizes the reasonable docking provincial panel data and micro enterprise panel data. The research found that the preference combination of higher levels of quality not only help reduce pollution emissions per capita area, and improve the environmental quality of other regions through the spatial spillover effect, will also be in remission and regional environmental pollution on public health threats to improve the public with environmental welfare performance. Finally, this paper discusses the public environmental protection demands are compressed between government and business collusion space, forced industrial enterprises the choice of green technology innovation to enhance the green productivity, the regional environmental governance performance will be improved. The study found that with respect to the environment The environmental pollution caused by passive incentives, public income, influence the quality of education and health care and environmental protection rational incentive. Folk environmental protection will be forced to green technology innovation of industrial enterprises, improve and rent-seeking activities will hinder the green productivity. Quantile when industrial green productivity goes from low to high, the folk environmental protection the more significant positive effect, rational environmental demands for high productivity, low green industrial sites were positive, negative effect, that "Potter hypothesis" should meet the conditions near the frontier technology.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321
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本文编号：1376554