自由贸易区优惠原产地规则贸易成本研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 09:27

本文选题：自由贸易区　切入点：优惠原产地规则　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着区域经济一体化趋势的逐渐加强,各种区域经济合作形式不断涌现,其中作为区域贸易安排形式之一的自由贸易区(Free Trade Area,简称FTA)成为各国经济合作的主要选择。中国同样也在积极促进与各国建立FTA,截止到2016年12月,中国已经与22个国家和地区签署了14个自由贸易协定,以中国为轮轴国的FTA体系正逐步形成。为防止自由贸易区的贸易偏转问题,各国在签订自由贸易协定时添加了优惠原产地规则,以维护各成员国的利益,推动区内贸易的快速增长。一国与多国建立自由贸易区,这在贸易和投资等方面都产生了积极作用,但是同时也带来了消极方面:随着该国签署的自贸协定数量的增多,作为其核心内容的优惠原产地规则也日趋复杂化,从而给出口企业带来的贸易成本(即优惠原产地规则贸易成本)不断加重,该问题就是本文研究的重点。由于“优惠原产地规则贸易成本”是本文提出的新概念,因此,首先对这一概念从内涵和外延角度进行详细解读,认为优惠原产地规则贸易成本是由优惠原产地规则带来的企业为出口产品所要支付的贸易成本,主要分为制度型贸易成本、利益分配成本和管理成本。从总体上来看,优惠原产地规则贸易成本给自由贸易区带来了一些影响:从贸易方面分析,优惠原产地规则贸易成本抵消了区内的贸易创造效应,导致成员国之间的贸易扭曲,同时也削弱了成员国出口企业对自贸区内的贸易转移效应;从投资方面分析,优惠原产地规则贸易成本增强了非成员国出口企业对区内的投资创造效应,同时引起成员国出口企业在区内进行投资转移;此外还导致贸易保护主义加剧。为进一步探究优惠原产地规则贸易成本的具体表现,本文选取了三种最具代表性的优惠原产地规则:泛欧模式优惠原产地规则、北美模式优惠原产地规则以及中国—东盟FTA优惠原产地规则进行分析,并得出以下结论:无论优惠原产地规则严苛还是宽松,它在不同程度上都会给出口企业带来贸易成本,即优惠原产地规则贸易成本总是存在,只是其具体体现在优惠原产地规则的不同方面,且侧重点也不同。一般来讲,优惠原产地规则的限制程度越高,其给出口企业造成的贸易成本侧重于制度型贸易成本和利益分配成本的上升,相反,若优惠原产地规则越宽松,其给出口企业带来的贸易成本则侧重于管理成本的增加。之后基于前面章节的理论研究,本文还对优惠原产地规则贸易成本的出口影响进行了实证分析。最后基于上述研究对如何降低优惠原产地规则贸易成本提出了相应的对策建议并且就中国自由贸易区未来的发展得出一些启示。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual strengthening of the trend of regional economic integration, various forms of regional economic cooperation have been emerging. Among them, the Free Trade area, one of the forms of regional trade arrangements, has become the main choice for economic cooperation among countries. China is also actively promoting the establishment of FTAs with other countries until December 2016. China has signed 14 free trade agreements with 22 countries and regions. The FTA system with China as a wheeled country is gradually formed. In signing free trade agreements, countries have added preferential rules of origin in order to safeguard the interests of their member countries and to promote the rapid growth of regional trade. This has had a positive effect on, inter alia, trade and investment, but it has also brought about a negative one: as the number of free trade agreements signed by the country has increased, the preferential rules of origin, the core of which have become increasingly complex, As a result, the trade costs (i.e. preferential rules of origin trade costs) brought to export enterprises are becoming more and more serious. This problem is the focus of this paper. Because "preferential rules of origin trade costs" is a new concept put forward in this paper, First, this concept is explained in detail from the angle of connotation and extension, and it is considered that the trade cost of preferential rules of origin is the trade cost that enterprises have to pay for export products brought about by preferential rules of origin, which are mainly divided into institutional trade costs. Overall, preferential rules of origin trade costs have some impact on free trade zones: from a trade perspective, preferential rules of origin trade costs offset the regional trade creation effect. Leading to trade distortions among member States and weakening the trade transfer effects of exporting enterprises in member countries to the free trade zone; an investment analysis, The trade cost of preferential rules of origin enhances the investment creation effect of non-member export enterprises in the region, at the same time, it causes the export enterprises of member countries to carry on the investment transfer in the region; In order to further explore the specific manifestation of the trade cost of preferential rules of origin, this paper selects three most representative preferential rules of origin: Pan-European preferential rules of origin, Based on the analysis of preferential rules of origin in North America mode and preferential rules of origin in China-ASEAN FTA, the following conclusions are drawn: whether preferential rules of origin are strict or loose, they will bring trade costs to export enterprises in varying degrees. That is, the trade cost of preferential rules of origin always exists, but it is embodied in different aspects of preferential rules of origin, and the emphasis is also different. Generally speaking, the degree of restriction of preferential rules of origin is higher. The trade costs caused to export enterprises are focused on the rise of institutional trade costs and benefit distribution costs. On the contrary, if preferential rules of origin are looser, The trade costs it brings to export enterprises focus on the increase of management costs. This paper also makes an empirical analysis of the export impact of preferential rules of origin on trade costs. Finally, based on the above research, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on how to reduce the trade costs of preferential rules of origin and on China's free trade. The future development of the change area gives some enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F742;F740.45

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