陕西省中北部地区古树名木生存现状调查

发布时间：2018-04-13 11:09

本文选题：陕西省中北部地区 + 古树名木　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：古树名木是人类现有的鲜活的化石，是目前珍稀的林木资源，既是宝贵的自然资源也是鲜活的历史文物。古树名木是珍稀树木种质资源保存与开发利用的基础；是区域历史文化的载体；是区域旅游产业发展前提；是城市景观生态发展的必要基础。保护好古树名木对区域经济发展建设有重要的意义。本文先对陕西省中北部地区古树名木的生存现状结合文献、史记等进行了实地调研，拍摄、记录了古树名木生存现状及树体资料的图片。通过实地调研得出，陕西省中北部地区古树名木生存现状不佳，调查的176棵树木，39个树种，分属26科。其中6个主要树种占70.45%，主要分布种有槐树、侧柏、皂荚、银杏、云杉等。槐树与侧柏大部分在千年以上，古树名木年龄在90-5000年之间变化，变化幅度较大。古树名木的树体指标与其自身年龄及生存环境有一定相关性。陕西省中北部地区古树名木的高度在4-30m之间变化，胸径在0.42-4m之间变化，冠幅在3-20m之间变化。大部分古树名木健康状况欠佳，古树枯断枝情况较普遍，偏冠树木较多，病虫害较严重。目前古树名木大部分生长情况堪忧，生长势衰弱，亟须对古树名木进行有效的保护管理。陕西省中北部地区的176棵古树名木分布在6种生长环境类型中，即园林名胜、单位学校、城镇街道、村庄院落、路旁底边、山间旷野。大部分古树名木生存环境差,古树名木在园林名胜中分布最多；山林旷野中也有不少古树名木，但这些树木没有得到良好的保护措施；城镇街道中的古树名木很少，需要重点关注。陕西省中北部地区的古树名木的冠幅变化较大，园林名胜等拥有最大最老的古树名木，说明在这里树木的生长得到了较好的空间范围。调查中80%的古树名木都拥有较好历史文化价值，，依据其历史价值和自身特征将其分为四类：古树王者、古树神韵、古树奇观、古树繁花。目前陕西省中北部地区古树王者16棵，古树神韵50余棵，古树奇观20余棵，古树繁花10余株。他们都拥有独特的故事韵味，或与历史事件人物相关，或与自身形态相关，或与其古老的年岁相关，这些古树名木都携带着重要的历史文化信息。它们见证了陕西省的历史发展，为我们记载了珍贵的历史信息，展现了华夏文明的发展史，记录着区域建设的历程和政治变迁，它也反映了陕西省中北部地区的地域历史文脉和景观特色。经调研，陕西省中北部地区古树名木的保护存在四个问题：古树名木挂牌问题、古树名木地址资料登记不详细、古树名木的生存环境差、对古树名木的景观性差。对目前存在的问题进行分析讨论，提出保护与利用建议，保护方面：对古树名木进行分级、分类保护；对古树名木进行长期监测；对濒危或特殊古树名木进行专项研究保护；古树名木的移栽措施。利用方面：一是建立相关古树名木基因库，二是要重视古树和古树衰弱濒死科学研究。三是要重视开发珍稀古树名木的生产价值。
[Abstract]:Old trees are the human living fossil, is the forest resources is rare, precious natural resources and vivid historical relics. The ancient and famous trees are rare trees based preservation of germplasm resources exploitation and utilization; is the carrier of regional history and culture; is the prerequisite of the development of regional tourism industry is a necessary foundation for city landscape; the development of ecological protection. Good old trees are important to the construction of regional economic development.
Firstly, the survival status of trees in north central region of Shaanxi Province wood combined with literature records and conducted field research, shooting, recording of trees and tree survival status data images. Through the investigation of the ancient north central region of Shaanxi province were survival status of poor, the survey of 176 trees, 39 species, belonging to 26 families. Among the 6 main species accounted for 70.45%, the main distribution types of Acacia trees, Platycladus orientalis, acacia, ginkgo tree, spruce. And most of the Platycladus orientalis for thousands of years, ancient famous trees change at 90-5000 years of age, changes in amplitude. The larger trees in the index of its own age and the living environment to a certain extent. The ancient north central region of Shaanxi Province wood height between 4-30m diameter changes, changes in the range of 0.42-4m, the crown is between 3-20m. Most of the trees in poor health, old trees withered branches. Generally, there are more crown trees and more serious diseases and insect pests. At present, most of the growth of ancient and famous trees is worrying, and their growth potential is weakening. Therefore, it is urgent for effective protection and management of ancient and famous trees.
The north central region of Shaanxi province the 176 trees distributed in 6 growth environment types, namely garden spots, school units, urban streets, village courtyard, street edge, mountain wilderness. Most of the trees living environment is poor, old trees in the garden were the most scenic spot in the mountains in the wilderness; there are a lot of trees a wood, but these trees have not been well protected; urban street trees rarely need to focus on. The crown changes of ancient and famous trees in the north central region of Shaanxi province of the large gardens and scenic spots have the largest and most of the old trees, trees here are good space.
The survey of 80% of the trees have better historical and cultural value, on the basis of its historical value and its characteristics will be divided into four categories: the ancient kings, ancient charm, ancient wonders of flowers. The trees in north central region of Shaanxi Province, the ancient king of 16 trees, trees more than 50 trees of the ancient charm, the wonders of trees more than 20 trees. Flowers trees more than 10 trees. They all have unique charm and historical events or stories, characters, or with its form, or its ancient age, these old trees are carrying an important historical and cultural information. They witnessed the history of the development of Shaanxi Province, we recorded the precious historical information that shows the development history of Chinese civilization, history records the construction of regional and political changes, it also reflects the northern area of Shaanxi province and the local historical and cultural landscape features.
After investigation, there are four problems in the protection of ancient and famous trees in Shaanxi Province in North Central Region: the trees listed issues, trees address registration information in detail, the ancient and famous trees in the living environment, the landscape of trees. The existing problems were analyzed and discussed, put forward protection and protection the suggestions: classification, classification and protection of ancient and famous trees; the long-term monitoring of trees; conduct special research on the protection of endangered or special trees; transplanting trees. Use: one is to establish relevant ovts gene pool, two is to attach importance to trees and old trees in the dying science study three is to attach importance to the development of rare trees production value.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S788

【参考文献】