新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态经济价值研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:16

本文选题：艾比湖湿地 + 生态服务功能价值　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱、半干旱地区，湿地作为重要的自然资源，具有涵养水源，调节气候，维持生物多样性等生态功能，其动态变化对区域生态环境、社会经济的可持续发展以及人类的生活都具有及其重要的影响作用。20世纪50年代以来，随着大规模的垦荒和水利工程的修建，使得入湖水量大为减少，艾比湖湿地面积不断退化，导致周边的生态环境急剧恶化，威胁着北疆地区的生态环境安全，严重制约了该地区社会经济的发展。本文以新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区为研究对象，通过对艾比湖生态环境退化机制分析，运用生态经济的相关评价方法，综合分析了当前艾比湖湿地自然保护区的生态经济价值；并以精河入湖口围堰恢复区为例，分析了围堰区退化湿地恢复后生态效应和经济效应，为湿地的保护和恢复提供科学指导作用，促使湿地资源得到合理保护和利用，为政府制定发展战略和艾比湖湿地的保护和利用提供理论依据，对该地区生态环境和区域经济可持续发展具有重要意义，人与自然和谐发展。主要研究结论如下：（1）艾比湖湿地生态环境退化明显，1972至2011年间，湖泊面积总体呈退缩趋势，共退缩了115.03km2，，湖泊质心向远离阿拉山口的东南方向偏移了1.23km，湖泊的西北地区退化明显；1900-2011年间，低植被覆盖区和较低植被覆盖区退化明显，退化总面积为781.313km2，植被覆盖景观趋于明显破碎化，空间异质性增强。气候暖干化、大规模的垦荒、水利工程修建和过快的人口增长给环境带来的压力等是影响艾比湖湿地环境退化的主要因素。（2）艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值主要表现于间接使用价值，2011年的生态服务功能的总价值为33.54×108元，生态服务价值构成中湿地服务价值最大的是调节气候的生态功能，服务价值最小的是病虫害防治的生态功能，各项服务占总价值的比例，由大到小排序依次为：调节气候净化环境蓄水栖息地土壤保持净化气体养分积累物质产品科教娱乐病虫害防治，调节气候的价值在所有生态价值中趋于首位。（3）引水围堰作为一种湿地恢复措施，在恢复湿地生态环境的同时，并且取得了一定规模的经济效应，有效的抑制的湿地的退化，应适宜的加以推广。艾比湖湿地保护区精河入湖口通过采用引水围堰工程，退化湿地的植被、土壤均得到了不同程度的恢复，围堰恢复区土壤水分明显高于未围堰区，其中50cm-60cm存在明显的差异，围堰恢复区土壤平均有机质比未围堰区高4.73mg/kg，围堰恢复区土壤pH值介于7.86-8.35之间，平均土壤pH值比为围堰区低0.9，围堰区生态环境良好，植物种类由旱生向水生演化，但引水围堰工程的实施改变了原有地区的地表特征，随着围堰恢复工程的深入，导致恢复区内植物物种多样性减少且趋于单一化。
[Abstract]:As an important natural resource, wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas have the ecological functions of conserving water, regulating climate and maintaining biodiversity.The sustainable development of society and economy and the life of human beings have played an important role. Since the 1950s, with the large-scale reclamation and construction of water conservancy projects, the amount of water entering the lake has been greatly reduced.The wetland area of Ebinur Lake is continuously degraded, which leads to the rapid deterioration of the surrounding ecological environment, which threatens the ecological environment security of the northern Xinjiang area and seriously restricts the development of the social economy in this area.This paper takes the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve in Xinjiang as the research object, through analyzing the ecological environment degradation mechanism of Ebinur Lake, and using the relevant evaluation method of ecological economy, comprehensively analyzes the ecological and economic value of the current Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve.The ecological and economic effects of the restoration of degraded wetlands in Jinhe River into Hukou are analyzed, which provides scientific guidance for the protection and restoration of wetlands and promotes the rational protection and utilization of wetland resources.It provides the theoretical basis for the government to formulate the development strategy and the protection and utilization of the Ebinur Lake wetland, which is of great significance to the ecological environment and the sustainable development of the regional economy in this area, and the harmonious development of man and nature.The main findings are as follows:(1) the ecological environment degradation of Ebinur Wetland is obvious. From 1972 to 2011, the lake area showed a general retreat trend, with a total retreat of 115.03km2, the center of mass of the lake shifted 1.23km to the southeast direction far from the Alashankou, and the degradation of the northwestern region of the lake was obvious from 1900-2011.The degradation of low vegetation cover area and lower vegetation cover area is 781.313 km2. The vegetation cover landscape tends to be fragmented and spatial heterogeneity is enhanced.Climate warming drying, large-scale reclamation, water conservancy construction and the pressure brought by rapid population growth are the main factors that affect the environmental degradation of Ebinur Lake wetland.(2) the value of ecosystem service function in Ebinur Wetland Nature Reserve is mainly manifested in indirect use value. The total value of ecosystem service function in 2011 is 33.54 脳 108 yuan.In the composition of ecological service value, the biggest value of wetland service is the ecological function of regulating climate, the least value of service is the ecological function of pest and disease control, and the proportion of each service to the total value.The order from big to small is: adjusting climate purifying environment water storage habitat soil keeping purifying gas nutrient accumulation products science education entertainment disease and insect pest control the value of regulating climate tends to be the first of all ecological values.As a wetland restoration measure, the diversion cofferdam can restore the ecological environment of the wetland and obtain the economic effect on a certain scale at the same time. The effectively restrained degradation of the wetland should be popularized.Through adopting diversion cofferdam project, the vegetation of degraded wetland has been restored to different extent, and the soil moisture in cofferdam restoration area is obviously higher than that in uncofferdam area, in which 50cm-60cm has obvious difference.The average soil organic matter in the cofferdam restoration area was 4.73 mg / kg higher than that in the uncofferdam region, the soil pH value in the cofferdam restoration area was between 7.86-8.35, the average soil pH value was 0.9 lower than that in the cofferdam region, the ecological environment of the cofferdam region was good, and the plant species evolved from xerophytes to aquatic life.However, the implementation of the diversion cofferdam project has changed the surface characteristics of the original area. With the deepening of the cofferdam restoration project, the species diversity of plants in the restoration area decreases and tends to be simple.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F127;X36

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