高温热害对福建省水稻生产的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 01:52

本文选题：水稻生产 + 高温热害　；参考：《福建农林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国粮食安全是国家安全战略的核心部分之一,也是“三农”问题历来最关注的问题之一。不利的气候因素自古以来便是保障粮食安全的一大障碍,对于粮食生产有着重大的影响。在福建省人们多以稻米为主要口粮,但由于人口众多、耕地逐年减少,水稻生产日益不能满足人们的需求。而高温热害导致的水稻产量减少更是加剧了这一情况。因此,研究高温热害对福建水稻生产的影响有非常重要的意义。本文将水稻的生产与粮食安全的保障紧密联系起来,结合当前国内水稻的生产和未来的发展趋势,深入的分析福建省高温热害在水稻生产和经济发展中引发的主要问题,认为在福建省积极开展对高温热害的防治措施及稳步提高水稻产量,对于保障福建省粮食安全和实现粮食的自给自足具有十分重要的现实意义。本文收集了福建省水稻种植制度现状和近40年的气象资料,采用日本学者Toshichika Iizumi和江苏省农科院的两个水稻高温减产模型计算了在不同的高温条件下水稻的相对减产率,得出了1971-2010年福建省水稻相对减产率的时空分布规律,据此分析了高温热害对福建省水稻产量的影响现状。并且本文进一步提出了福建省水稻生产在面对高温热害时的宏观生产对策及相应的减灾措施,从政策、技术等多方面提出建议,为相关政府部门制订相关政策提供参考,以期提高福建省水稻生产水平,促进区域经济发展。
[Abstract]:China's grain security is one of the core parts of national security strategy, and one of the most concerned problems in the "three rural areas". Adverse climatic factors have been an obstacle to food security since ancient times and have a great impact on grain production. In Fujian Province, rice is the main food supply, but because of the large population and the decrease of cultivated land, the rice production can not meet the demand of people day by day. The decrease of rice yield caused by high temperature and heat damage has aggravated the situation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of high temperature heat damage on rice production in Fujian. In this paper, the production of rice is closely related to the security of grain security, combining with the current domestic rice production and future development trend, the main problems caused by high temperature heat damage in Fujian Province in rice production and economic development are analyzed in depth. It is considered that it is of great practical significance to actively carry out measures to prevent and control high temperature heat damage and to increase rice yield steadily in Fujian Province to ensure grain security and realize grain self-sufficiency in Fujian Province. In this paper, the present situation of rice planting system in Fujian Province and the meteorological data of recent 40 years are collected. The relative yield reduction rate of rice under different high temperature conditions is calculated by using two models of high temperature reduction of rice produced by Toshichika Iizumi, a Japanese scholar, and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The temporal and spatial distribution of relative yield reduction rate of rice in Fujian Province from 1971 to 2010 was obtained, and the effect of high temperature and heat damage on rice yield in Fujian Province was analyzed. Furthermore, this paper puts forward the macro production countermeasures and corresponding disaster reduction measures in the face of high temperature and heat damage in Fujian Province, and puts forward suggestions from many aspects, such as policy, technology and so on, and provides reference for relevant government departments to formulate relevant policies. In order to improve the level of rice production in Fujian Province, promote regional economic development.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S511;S428

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