制造业集聚方式对企业出口的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 13:49

【摘要】：集聚与出口的关系一直是区域经济和国际贸易领域的热点课题。自中国加入世贸组织以来，中国出口总额在国民经济中的比重不断上升。2011年，中国工业制成品出口额占全球制成品贸易的1/7，与此同时，中国城镇化的步伐也在加快。作为经济发展的引擎和劳动力就业的蓄水池，制造业的发展受到各级政府的高度重视，越来越多的制造业企业向城市及其周边地区集聚。根据产业集聚理论，，同一产业在一个地区的高度集中（专业化集聚）或不同产业的集中分布（多样化集聚）对企业生产率有不同的影响，从而决定一个企业的出口规模或出口密集度。因此，本文从马歇尔、雅各布斯技术外部性和新经济地理市场外部性的角度出发，结合新新经济地理中企业异质性理论，运用2005年－2007年的中国制造业企业数据，分别从区域层面、行业层面、企业层面检验了制造业不同集聚方式对企业出口的影响。研究发现：（1）制造业专业化和相关多样化集聚对企业出口密集度的提高有显著的促进作用，无关多样化不利于企业出口密集度的提高。劳动密集型出口企业更受益于制造业的专业化集聚，而资本－技术密集型出口企业更受益于制造业的相关多样化集聚。专业化的环境对东部地区企业出口规模的增加有显著的促进作用，但它对中西部地区企业的出口无显著的影响。制造业行业内部的多样化集聚对不同规模企业的出口都有促进作用。（2）从区域子样本、行业子样本及不同规模企业的估计结果来看，企业规模、企业平均工资、技术创新以及出口溢出效应对企业出口都有促进作用，其中，行业内出口溢出效应对企业出口的促进作用最小，表明我国出口企业存在一定程度的过度集聚现象。融资约束和分工因素对企业出口有明显的负面作用，且小型企业面临的融资约束比大中型企业强，说明国内恶劣的融资环境和较高的交易成本制约了出口企业在国际上的竞争力。劳动密集型企业比资本－技术密集型企业更倾向于出口，反映了我国劳动密集型产品在出口贸易中仍然具有比较优势。外资企业比内资企业更倾向于出口，国有企业由于其自身的垄断地位，会选择将大部分产品销往国内，而不是出口到国外市场。
[Abstract]:The relationship between agglomeration and export has always been a hot topic in the field of regional economy and international trade. Since China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's total export volume has been rising. In 2011, China's exports of manufactured goods accounted for a seventh of the world's trade in manufactured goods, while the pace of urbanization in China accelerated. As the engine of economic development and the reservoir of labor force employment, the development of manufacturing industry is highly valued by governments at all levels, and more manufacturing enterprises gather in cities and its surrounding areas. According to the theory of industrial agglomeration, the high concentration of the same industry in one region (specialized agglomeration) or the centralized distribution of different industries (diversification agglomeration) have different effects on the enterprise productivity. Thus determine an enterprise's export scale or export intensity. Therefore, from the angle of Marshall, Jacobs' technological externality and the externality of new economic geography market, combined with the theory of enterprise heterogeneity in New and New Economic Geography, this paper applies the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2005 to 2007. At the regional level, the industry level and the enterprise level, the effects of different agglomeration modes of manufacturing on the export of enterprises are tested. The results show that: (1) the specialization of manufacturing industry and the agglomeration of related diversification can significantly promote the increase of export intensity of enterprises, while irrelevant diversification is not conducive to the improvement of export intensity of enterprises. The labor-intensive export enterprises benefit more from the specialized agglomeration of the manufacturing industry, while the capital-technology-intensive export enterprises benefit from the related diversification agglomeration of the manufacturing industry. The specialized environment can significantly promote the increase of the export scale of enterprises in the eastern region, but it has no significant effect on the export of enterprises in the central and western regions. The diversification agglomeration within the manufacturing industry can promote the export of enterprises of different sizes. (2) from the regional sub-samples, industry sub-samples and the estimated results of different scale enterprises, the enterprise size, the average enterprise wages, Both technological innovation and export spillover effect can promote the export of enterprises. Among them, the effect of intra-industry export spillover effect is the least, which indicates that there is a phenomenon of excessive agglomeration of export enterprises in China. Financing constraints and division of labor factors have obvious negative effects on the export of enterprises, and the financing constraints faced by small enterprises are stronger than those of large and medium-sized enterprises. It shows that the poor domestic financing environment and high transaction costs restrict the international competitiveness of export enterprises. Labor-intensive enterprises are more inclined to export than capital-technology-intensive enterprises, which reflects the comparative advantage of labor-intensive products in export trade. Foreign enterprises are more inclined to export than domestic enterprises. Because of their own monopoly, state-owned enterprises will choose to sell most of their products to domestic rather than foreign markets.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F424;F752.62

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