信贷决策与银行绩效的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 15:02

本文关键词：信贷决策与银行绩效的影响因素研究　出处：《暨南大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在信息非对称的资本市场中，信贷决策是商业银行控制贷款风险的一种手段，也是商业银行进行资产管理、提升经营绩效和维持自身竞争地位的一项核心业务。因此，对信贷决策与绩效影响因素的研究是银行实务界和学术界关注的焦点问题之一。本文基于新制度经济学、法和金融、不完全合约等理论研究了商业银行的信贷决策行为，探讨中国新兴加转轨经济中的制度环境如何影响信贷决策，并由此讨论商业银行的绩效。研究的基本思路是，信贷决策不仅受到不确定性因素和融资企业非对称信息的约束，而且还要受到新兴加转轨的制度约束。因此，应该从中国新兴加转轨经济的制度特征来考察商业银行的信贷决策，并据此解释信贷配给现象和贷款利率定价问题。本文的主要研究内容和观点包括：（一）本文对制度环境影响商业银行信贷决策和绩效的机理进行了理论建模和比较静态分析，推算出非对称信息的资本市场中银行与融资企业之间的次优贷款合约，并着重讨论了名义收益权的实施强度、抵押权的实施强度和法律执行效率对信贷审批、贷款利率和绩效的影响。理论演绎表明：信贷配给是商业银行和融资企业之间因存在非对称信息和道德风险而产生的一种均衡现象；当商业银行面临的信贷环境恶化时，企业从商业银行获得贷款的难度增加，信贷配给现象更为严重；随着信贷环境的改善，信贷配给现象减缓，贷款利率提高，银行的绩效提升。（二）本文基于我国商业银行的信贷微观数据，利用Probit模型、Logit模型和Heckman两步法等计量手段，实证考察了商业银行信贷决策的影响因素，并重点检验了产业政策指导这种政府间接干预对贷款利率定价和信贷审批的影响。经验研究证实：（1）产业政策指导这种政府间接干预对银行的信贷审批以及贷款利率定价均具有显著影响。相比较而言，重点支持类的企业要比一般支持类和限制类的企业更容易获得银行贷款，，并且贷款利率也较低；（2）商业银行的信贷决策并不存在企业的所有权歧视；（3）企业资产规模既影响信贷审批，也影响贷款利率定价。（三）本文基于我国上市商业银行的面板数据，在测算出银行绩效、风险承担水平的基础上，利用面板计量模型考察了银行绩效的影响因素，并重点检验了区域市场化程度、金融市场化程度、法律执行效率、货币政策等制度环境对商业银行绩效的影响。经验研究发现：（1）影响商业银行绩效的因素包括内部治理结构变量和外部治理结构变量；（2）区域市场化程度对银行绩效没有显著影响，而金融市场化程度、法律执行效率对银行绩效有显著正影响；（3）利率对银行绩效有显著正影响。
[Abstract]:In the capital market with asymmetric information, credit decision-making is not only a means for commercial banks to control loan risk, but also for commercial banks to manage assets. Therefore, the research on the factors influencing credit decision and performance is one of the focuses of banking practice and academic circles. Based on the theories of new institutional economics, law, finance and incomplete contracts, this paper studies the credit decision-making behavior of commercial banks, and discusses how the institutional environment in China's emerging economy of addition and transition affects credit decision-making. The basic idea of the study is that credit decision is not only constrained by uncertainty factors and asymmetric information of financing enterprises, but also by the institutional constraints of emerging and transition. The credit decisions of commercial banks should be examined from the institutional characteristics of China's emerging and transitional economy, and the phenomenon of credit rationing and the pricing of loan interest rates should be explained accordingly. The main contents and viewpoints of this paper are as follows: (1) this paper makes a theoretical model and comparative static analysis on the mechanism of the institutional environment influencing the credit decision and performance of commercial banks. The sub-optimal loan contract between the bank and the financing enterprise in the capital market with asymmetric information is calculated, and the implementation intensity of the nominal income right, the enforcement intensity of the mortgage and the efficiency of the enforcement of the law on the credit examination and approval are discussed emphatically. The theoretical deduction shows that credit rationing is a kind of equilibrium phenomenon between commercial banks and financing enterprises due to the existence of asymmetric information and moral hazard; When the credit environment of commercial banks is deteriorating, it is more difficult for enterprises to obtain loans from commercial banks, and the phenomenon of credit rationing becomes more serious. With the improvement of credit environment, the phenomenon of credit rationing slows down, the interest rate of loans increases, and the performance of banks improves. (2) based on the credit micro data of commercial banks in China, this paper uses Probit model and Heckman two-step method. Empirical study of commercial bank credit decision-making factors. The impact of indirect government intervention on loan interest rate pricing and credit approval under industrial policy guidance is also examined. Empirical study confirms the effect of this kind of indirect government intervention on loan interest rate pricing and credit approval. Industrial policy guidance such indirect government intervention has a significant impact on the credit approval of banks and the pricing of loan interest rates. The enterprises in the key support category are easier to obtain bank loans than those in the general support class and the restricted type, and the loan interest rate is also lower; 2) the credit decision of commercial bank does not exist the enterprise ownership discrimination; The scale of enterprise assets not only affects credit approval, but also affects the pricing of loan interest rate. (3) based on the panel data of listed commercial banks in our country, this paper investigates the influencing factors of bank performance by using panel econometric model on the basis of measuring the bank performance and risk bearing level. It also tests the degree of regional marketization, the degree of financial marketization and the efficiency of law enforcement. Empirical study shows that the factors that affect the performance of commercial banks include internal governance structure variables and external governance structure variables. (2) the degree of regional marketization has no significant effect on bank performance, while the degree of financial marketization and the efficiency of law enforcement have significant positive effects on bank performance; Interest rates have a significant positive impact on bank performance.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4;F832.33

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