我国住房市场公共政策执行问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 06:52

本文选题：住房市场　切入点：政策执行　出处：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孟子曰：“有恒产者有恒心”。住房是“安居乐业”的重要载体,也是维持社会稳定的重要因素。1998年,我国住房制度全面改革启动,住房步入了市场化道路。2003年,我国政府开始了对住房市场的政策调控。十年来的住房市场调控取得了一定的成效,但是高居不下的房价与人们购买力之间的矛盾表明市场运行的稳定性问题仍未得到解决。长期以来,对于住房市场的研究大多聚焦于政策本身的合理性问题。然而,政策执行——这一关键阶段所出现的问题也同样不容忽视。因此,本文将研究对象锁定于公共政策执行问题,写作目的就是在对住房市场政策演变回顾的基础上,分析政策执行阶段存在的影响政策最终效果的一些问题及其原因,并提出相应的解决措施和建议。本文写作过程中主要运用的研究方法有文献研究法、纵向研究法和比较研究法。本文首先以1998年至2013年的住房市场调控政策为研究样本,分析了相关政策的出台背景、调控目的以及对住房市场产生的效果。其次,以政策执行阶段所涉主要责任主体(中央政府、地方政府、房地产商、购房者)为线索,在史密斯政策执行模型的基础上,比较分析各责任主体之间利益和矛盾：在分权制度下,由于地方利益和房地产业收益的刺激,地方政府对“土地财政”存在普遍的依赖；在信息不对称下,由于地方官员寻租以及政绩考核的驱动,房地产商与地方政府利益耦合,二者形成一种牢固的利益联盟；在非理性预期下,购房者与开发商进行房价博弈时往往作出非理性的决策。这些都是导致我国住房市场政策执行失效的主要原因。在这些原因因素的基础上得出解决措施,应当将利益整合作为应对和解决住房市场政策执行过程中所存在问题的主要思路。整合可以从三个方面入手：一是打破国有土地出让过程中的地方政府垄断；二是协调中央政府与地方政府间的合作关系；三是调节购房者与开发商的博弈能力。此外,整合能在多大程度上发挥作用,不仅取决于整合措施是否可行合理,而且还取决于中央政府监督和制约地方政府“机会主义行为”的能力。本文的写作特色主要有两点。第一,对于住房市场的政策研究。国内大多数学者集中于对住房市场政策本身的研究,而本文的关注点在于政策执行阶段所存在的问题是如何影响到政策执行的最终效果。第二,对于政策执行问题的研究。国内大多数学者往往局限于对政策执行过程中的某一个影响因素的研究,例如政策执行的动力、环境、手段等,而本文更关注于对政策执行过程中的各责任主体之间的利益与矛盾的分析。以政策执行中各责任主体的利益互动关系对政策执行的影响为视角,探究政策执行问题存在的根本原因。
[Abstract]:Mencius said, "those who have permanent property have perseverance." Housing is an important carrier of "living and working in peace and contentment" and an important factor in maintaining social stability. In 1998, China's housing system was launched in an all-round way, and housing entered the road of marketization. On 2003, The government of our country has begun to regulate the housing market policy. The housing market regulation and control in the past ten years has achieved some results, but the contradiction between the high housing prices and people's purchasing power shows that the stability of the market operation has not been solved. For a long time, researches on the housing market have mostly focused on the rationality of the policy itself. However, the problems in this critical stage of policy implementation should not be ignored. This paper focuses on the implementation of public policy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze some problems and reasons that affect the final effect of the policy in the stage of policy implementation based on the review of the evolution of policy in the housing market. And put forward the corresponding solutions and suggestions. In the process of writing, the main research methods are literature research, longitudinal research and comparative research. This paper firstly takes the housing market regulation policy from 1998 to 2013 as the research sample, analyzes the background of the relevant policy, the purpose of the regulation and control and the effect on the housing market. Taking the main responsible subjects involved in the policy implementation stage (central government, local governments, real estate developers, property buyers) as clues, based on Smith's model of policy implementation, Comparing and analyzing the interests and contradictions among the responsible subjects: under the decentralization system, because of the stimulation of the local interests and the real estate income, the local governments are generally dependent on the "land finance"; under the information asymmetry, the local governments are dependent on the "land finance". Because of the driving force of local officials' rent-seeking and performance assessment, the interests of real estate developers and local governments are coupled, which form a strong interest alliance. Property buyers and developers often make irrational decisions when they play a game on house prices. These are the main reasons that lead to the failure of the implementation of housing market policies in China. On the basis of these factors, the solutions are obtained. The integration of interests should be regarded as the main way to deal with and solve the problems existing in the implementation of housing market policies. The integration can be started from three aspects: first, to break the monopoly of local government in the process of transferring state-owned land; The second is to coordinate the cooperative relationship between the central government and local governments, and the third is to regulate the game ability of buyers and developers. In addition, the extent to which integration can play a role depends not only on whether the integration measures are feasible and reasonable, It also depends on the ability of central government to supervise and control local government's opportunistic behavior. There are two main features of this paper. First, the policy research of housing market. Most domestic scholars focus on the study of housing market policy itself, and the focus of this paper is on how to affect the final effect of policy implementation in the stage of policy implementation. Second, the study of policy implementation. Most domestic scholars often limit their research to one of the influencing factors in the process of policy implementation, such as the motive force, environment, means of policy implementation, etc. This paper focuses more on the analysis of the interests and contradictions among the responsible subjects in the process of policy implementation. To explore the root causes of policy implementation problems.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.23

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