中国银行吉林省分行小微企业信贷业务模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 13:22

本文选题：小微企业　切入点：融资　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：小微企业是我省经济的重要组成部分,在经济社会发展中具有大企业无法替代的特殊的战略地位。小企业作为活跃市场的基本力量,容纳了社会上大多数的就业人员,在促进经济增长及解决就业和再就业过程中,发挥着重要作用。小微企业经过多年的发展，已成为我国经济增长的主要驱动力，在经济建设和社会发展中发挥了积极作用，在我国经济社会发展中具有重要的战略地位。无论是企业的数量（99%）、创造的价值（GDP60%），还是就业的机会（80%以上）、缴纳的税收（50%）以及社会的贡献，中小企业都居于主体地位。而我省的中小企业和民营经济经过这些年的发展，特别是经过2007年至2009年我省实施的民营经济腾飞计划和去年开始实施的中小企业成长计划，全省以中小企业为主体的民营经济的主营业务收入已经达到1.3万亿元，民营经济增加值占全省地区生产总值比重达到50%；上缴税金380亿元，占全口径财政收入的比重达到33%；从业人员424万人，占全省城镇就业人口总数的比重达到70%；民营企业和中小企业的户数11.5万户，个体工商户达到110万户；民营经济固定资产投资占全省城镇固定资产投资的比重达到68%。也就是说，中小企业和民营经济已经占据了半壁江山，为促进全省经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。由于企业自身和我省经济体制等多方面的原因，致使我省小微企业普遍存在的融资难的问题，融资难造成小微企业融资方式单一，融资渠道狭隘，融资结构存在许多缺陷。融资难严重制约了我国小微企业的发展速度。目前的全球经济危机对我国小微企业的生存和发展产生了很大的影响，不少小微企业因为缺乏资金，面临着即将倒闭的困境，而且从更长远的角度来看，融资难问题已经成为阻碍小微企业发展的主要原因。本文从我省小微企业融资渠道狭窄、自身的财务管理水平低、信用意识薄弱、社会信用不佳、国有商业银行对小微企业贷款存在偏见等方面的融资难原因。借鉴其他国家对小微企业融资支持的经验，根据我国实际情况，提出解决小微企业融资难的办法，应当从两大方面分析。从小微企业自身出发，应当强化企业自身信用建设，提高企业的财务管理水平，努力改善企业财务状况，增强企业自身实力，提高企业融资能力，这也是最根本的措施；从小微企业外部环境着手，应当改善小微企业融资环境，大力拓展小微企业直接融资渠道，建立和健全各项政策法规，改革税收机制和制定有利于小微企业融资的宏观经济政策，发展各类社会融资中介服务机构，完善信用担保体系。本文的主要结论：要解决小微企业融资难问题，需要以银行为主的金融机构通过完善自身机构、制度建设，建立起一整套适应小企业融资的管理机制。首先，要开展小微企业专营机构建设，建立合理的小微企业组织架构和职能设置；其次要健全完善小微企业信贷制度建设，提高小微企业授信的审批效率、优化审批流程；第三要科学制定适应小微企业的信用、风险评价体系，以合理筛选客户并实施风险定价；第四要加强创新，兼顾标准化与多样化的需求，，完善产品线建设。只有银行、小微企业、社会各方共同努力，小微企业融资难的问题才能逐步得以解决。
[Abstract]:Small and micro businesses is an important part of the economy in our province, has a special strategic position cannot be replaced by large enterprises in the economic and social development. The small business market as the basic active forces in society to accommodate the majority of workers, in promoting economic growth and solve the employment and re employment process, plays an important role. Small and micro businesses after years of development, has become the main driving force of economic growth in China, has played a positive role in the economic construction and social development, has an important strategic position in China's economic and social development. It is the number of enterprises (99%), create value (GDP60%), or employment opportunities (more than 80%), (50%) the tax and social contributions of small and medium-sized enterprises in the main position. The province's small and medium enterprises and private economy after years of development, especially after the 2007 to 2009 in our province The implementation of the plan development plan of private economy take-off and implemented since last year the province's small and medium-sized enterprises, to small and medium-sized enterprises as the main body of the private economy's main business revenue reached 1 trillion and 300 billion yuan, increased the value of the private economy accounted for the proportion of GDP reached 50%; taxes paid 38 billion yuan, the proportion of the total fiscal revenue reached 33% employees; staff of 4 million 240 thousand people, accounting for the province's urban employment population reached 70%; private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises 115 thousand households, individual industrial and commercial households reached 1 million 100 thousand; the private economy accounted for the proportion of investment in fixed assets investment of fixed assets of the whole province reached 68%. that is to say, small and medium enterprises and private economy has occupied half of the country, made an important contribution to promote the province's economic and social development.
Because of their own reasons and our economic system and so on, which exists in our province Small and micro businesses financing problems, financing difficulties caused by Small and micro businesses the single way of financing, financing channels narrow, there are many deficiencies in the financing structure. Financing has seriously hampered the pace of development of China's current Small and micro businesses. The global economic crisis on China's small and micro enterprise's survival and development have had a great impact, many Small and micro businesses because of lack of funds, faced with the plight of imminent collapse, but from a long-term perspective, the problem of financing has become the main reason for hindering the development of Small and micro businesses. This paper from the province Small and micro businesses the financing channel is narrow, the low level of financial management, weak sense of social credit, poor credit, the state-owned commercial banks of Small and micro businesses loans are biased and other aspects of the financing from the state of his cause. Small and micro businesses financing support experience, according to China's actual situation, put forward to solve the financing difficulties of Small and micro businesses to be analyzed from two aspects. From the micro enterprise itself, we should strengthen the enterprise credit construction, improve the level of enterprise financial management, to improve the financial situation of enterprises, enhance their own strength, improve enterprise the financing capacity, it is also the most fundamental measures for small and micro enterprises; external environment should be improved Small and micro businesses financing environment, vigorously expand Small and micro businesses direct financing channels, to establish and improve the policies and regulations, reforming the tax system and is conducive to the development of Small and micro businesses financing macroeconomic policies, the development of various types of social financing intermediary services institutions, improve the credit guarantee system.
The main conclusions of this paper are: to solve the problem of Small and micro businesses financing, financial institutions need to bank mainly through the improvement of its mechanism, system construction, establish a set of management mechanism to adapt to small business financing. First of all, to carry out Small and micro businesses specializing in institution building, establish a reasonable organizational structure and functions of Small and micro businesses; secondly, to perfect the Small and micro businesses credit system construction, improve the Small and micro businesses credit approval efficiency, optimize the approval process; third scientific Small and micro businesses to adapt to the credit risk evaluation system, to reasonably select customers to implement risk pricing; fourth to strengthen the innovation, taking into account the needs of standardization and diversification, improve the product line construction. Only the bank, Small and micro businesses, social parties to the financing Small and micro businesses the problems can be solved step by step.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

【参考文献】