小额信贷信任机制构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:32

本文选题：小额信贷 + 信任机制　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代，孟加拉格莱珉银行创办了小额信贷业务，开始取得了很大的成功并受到世界各地的热捧。孟加拉格莱珉银行之所以取得成功是因为它提供的小额信贷服务迎合了广大贫穷农民的迫切需要，满足了广大农民的生存需要。80年代，小额信贷业务传入中国，，并在中国取得了较快的发展。根据我国的具体情况，小额信贷的目标有两个：一方面，给穷人提供贷款，让他们能获得可以受益的信贷服务；另一方，使小额信贷机构盈利并实现可持续发展。这两者是相辅相成的，前者是根本目的，而后者为前者的前提条件和保障。要想使这两个目标同时实现，我们可以通过将信任机制引入小额信贷服务来实现。纵观诸多小额信贷运作的机制，无论是联保贷款、顺序放款、信用激励还是定期召开中心会议，无一不是利用同辈监督和成员间的软信息在起保障作用，而在这其中如果没有借贷双方及借款成员间的相互信任，这些机制是无法发挥作用的。信任机制之所以比其他治理机制更能很好的发挥作用，是因为它是一种廉价的、灵活的和愉快的交易治理机制。除此之外，信任机制还能抵御难以甚至无法发现的机会主义行为。但是，信任机制具有很强的脆弱性，主要体现在当机会主义行为的潜在收益大于制裁所造成的损害时，具有自利动机的借款人就有可能采取机会主义行为。但与其他治理机制不同，当机会主义行为被发现的时候，信任可以在瞬间毁灭。在这种情况下，重新建立信任是十分困难的，有时甚至是不可能的。国内外学者对小额信贷和信任机制的研究都不少。但是将信任机制引入到小额信贷并探讨小额信贷信任机制的构建的文章比较少。因此，本文的研究目的是对小额信贷信任机制的构建进行研究，通过信任机制的引入使小额信贷服务可以有更深一步的发展。本文首先通过文献综述对国内外研究进行了概括和总结，文献综述主要从三个方面进行研究：信任的作用和失信根源的研究、声誉在信任治理中的作用研究、小额信贷信任治理实践研究。接下来给出了小额信贷中信任的含义和特点，小额信贷中的信任具有经验性、传播性、脆弱性和差异性的特点。接着分析了我国小额信贷业务目前发展状况和存在的问题，指出将信任机制引入小额信贷中的必要性。又通过对小额信贷信任机制的构建，给出了三种小额信贷信任机制：小额信贷信任评估审核机制、小额信贷信任形成机制、小额信贷信任保障机制。其中小额信贷信任形成机制分为了过程型形成机制、特征型形成机制和规范型形成机制三种类型。小额信贷信任保障机制也分为了基于制度约束的信任保障机制和基于声誉约束的信任保障机制，并在小额信贷信任保障机制中运用静态博弈论证明了基于制度约束的小额信贷信任保障机制的可行性，并给出了其不足，然后运用有限重复博弈和无限重复博弈证明了基于声誉约束的小额信贷信任保障机制的可行性。并通过对孟加拉格莱珉银行和印度尼西亚人民银行的实践说明了将信任机制引入小额信贷服务中后，小额信贷得到了进一步的扩展。在文章最后给出了本文的结论和政策性建议。
[Abstract]:In 1970s, the founder of Grameen Bank microfinance business began to have achieved great success and has been around the world blitz. Grameen Bank was successful because it provides microfinance services to cater to the urgent needs of the majority of poor farmers, to meet the needs of farmers living in.80, micro credit business introduction China, and achieved rapid development in China.
According to the specific situation of our country, microfinance has two objectives: on the one hand, to provide loans to the poor, so that they can get benefit from the credit service; the other party, the microfinance institutions profit and realize the sustainable development. The two are complementary to each other, the former is the objective, while the latter is the former prerequisite and guarantee. In order to make the two goals at the same time, we can be realized by the trust mechanism is introduced. The mechanism of microfinance services throughout many microfinance operation, whether guaranteed loans, loan credit incentive or order, regularly held the conference center, with no use of soft information between members and peer supervision in the guarantee, in which if there is no mutual trust between the members of both lending and borrowing, these mechanisms cannot play its role. The trust mechanism is better than the other governance mechanisms It is good to play a role, because it is a cheap, flexible and pleasant transaction governance mechanism. Besides, the trust mechanism can resist opportunistic behavior are difficult or even impossible to find. However, trust mechanism has a strong vulnerability, mainly reflected in the potential gains when the opportunity is greater than the behavior of sanctions when the damage has the self motivation of borrowers is likely to take opportunistic behavior. But unlike other governance mechanisms, when opportunistic behavior was found, trust in the instant destruction. In this case, the re establishment of trust is very difficult, sometimes even impossible. Domestic and foreign scholars on the small credit and trust mechanism are many. But the trust mechanism is introduced to microfinance and microfinance on trust mechanism construction of the article is less. Therefore, this paper research. It is a study of the construction of micro credit trust mechanism, and the introduction of trust mechanism can make microfinance service have a deeper development.
Firstly, through the literature review on the domestic and foreign research are summarized and the literature review, mainly from three aspects: Study on the role of trust and credit sources, to study the effect of reputation on trust governance, governance practice of microfinance trust. Next the meaning and characteristics of trust in microfinance given microfinance the trust has spread, empirical, fragile characteristics and differences. Then analyzes the microfinance business of our country's current situation and existing problems, points out the necessity of introducing the trust mechanism in microfinance and microfinance. Based on the construction of the trust mechanism, gives three kinds of microfinance trust mechanism: microfinance microfinance trust evaluation audit mechanism, trust mechanism, trust mechanism of microfinance. The microfinance trust formation mechanism in the process The formation mechanism, characteristics of mechanism and standard formation mechanism of three types of microfinance. Trust guarantee mechanism is also divided into the trust security system constraint mechanism and security mechanism based on trust based on reputation restriction, and in the micro credit trust guarantee mechanism in using the static game theory to prove the feasibility of the system constraints of microfinance trust guarantee mechanism based on, and gives its shortcomings, and then use the finite repeated game and infinitely repeated game to prove the feasibility of the micro credit reputation constraint based on trust guarantee mechanism. And through the practice of Bangladesh Grameen Bank Levin lattice and the people's Bank of Indonesia that the trust mechanism into microfinance services, microfinance has been further extended. At the end of the conclusion and policy suggestions are given.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

【参考文献】