小额贷款公司使命偏移问题现况考察与对策研究：江浙两省数据

发布时间：2018-05-15 02:43

本文选题：小额贷款公司 + 使命偏移　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：小额信贷机构的社会目标是服务低收入的贫困群体、为他们提供基本的金融服务,但其在商业化过程中容易放弃穷人和低收入者而青睐较为富裕的人群,出现使命偏移问题。我国农村金融体系不完善,农村地区金融服务不足,普遍存在金融抑制现象,需要进行农村金融体制改革,大力发展普惠金融。在这样的背景下,小额贷款公司应时而生。设立小额贷款公司的政策初衷是服务“三农”和小微企业。在系统梳理我国发展小额贷款公司的相关文件基础上,分析了当前小额贷款公司发展的政策环境。借鉴国际经验,设计了小额贷款公司使命偏移的衡量标准,并指出使命偏移可能的表现。利用江苏、浙江两省小额贷款公司的相关数据进行分析,可知两省小额贷款公司平均贷款规模较大、贷款利率超过目标客户的承受能力且不符合本地区政策规定、大部分小额贷款公司设立在市区或是城镇且将服务对象定位为中小企业,小额贷款公司的发展已经偏离了政策初衷,存在使命偏移问题。本文认为设立机构的动机存在误差、制度设计存在缺陷、缺乏全国统一的绩效评价机制、地方金融监管缺位、监管标准差异较大、内部管理制度不够健全等方面是导致小额贷款公司出现使命偏移问题的主要原因。建议从明确法律地位,改善融资环境;合理规划布局,加大财税政策扶持；明确监管主体,完善监管体系；加强内部管理创新建设,降低交易成本；重视口碑营销,加强业务创新等方面来有效治理小额贷款公司使命偏移问题。
[Abstract]:The social goal of microfinance institutions is to provide basic financial services to the low-income groups, but they tend to abandon the poor and low-income people in favor of the wealthier people in the process of commercialization, which leads to the problem of mission deviation. The rural financial system in our country is not perfect, the financial service in rural areas is insufficient, and the phenomenon of financial repression exists generally. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the rural financial system and develop inclusive finance. In this context, microfinance companies should be born. The original intention of setting up a microfinance company is to serve the "three rural" and small-sized enterprises. On the basis of systematically combing the relevant documents of developing microfinance companies in China, this paper analyzes the current policy environment for the development of microfinance companies. Using international experience for reference, the paper designs the measurement standard of mission deviation of microfinance companies, and points out the possible performance of mission deviation. By using the relevant data from the microfinance companies in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, we can see that the average loan scale of the two provinces is large, the loan interest rate exceeds the affordability of the target customers and does not conform to the local policy regulations. Most of the microfinance companies are set up in the urban areas or towns and the service target is small and medium-sized enterprises. The development of microfinance companies has deviated from the original intention of the policy and has the problem of mission deviation. This paper argues that there are errors in the motivation of setting up institutions, defects in system design, lack of a unified performance evaluation mechanism across the country, absence of local financial supervision, and large differences in regulatory standards. The internal management system is not perfect and other aspects are the main reasons for the misguided mission of microfinance companies. Some suggestions are put forward, such as clear legal status, improvement of financing environment, rational layout planning, increasing fiscal and tax policy support, clear supervision body and perfect supervision system, strengthening internal management innovation construction, reducing transaction cost, paying attention to word-of-mouth marketing. Strengthen business innovation and other aspects to effectively manage the mission deviation of microfinance companies.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

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