基于福地路桥公司贷款的吉林银行信用风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:59

本文选题：中小企业 + 风险管理　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在国家鼓励和号召商业银行向中小企业提供信贷支持的政策下，商业银行一方面在向中小企业提供贷款获得较大的利差，另一方面也承担了较其他贷款业务更大的信用风险。如何分析和防范中小企业的信用风险逐成为了商业银行工作的重中之重。商业银行应该在大力拓展中小企业贷款业务的同时，充分认识中小企业融资动机和方式、企业特点和风险特征，从可操作的层面找寻合理途径以推动和促进对中小企业贷款业务的经营和管理，在努力提高收益率的同时，做到注重风险的防范和规避，在收益与风险中求得平衡。目前国内中小企业存在外部环境依存度高、经营管理制度不完善、信用意识淡薄等特点，使中小企业发生贷款违约的可能性很大，导致银行面临的信用风险不断增大。另外,在外部竞争压力和内部利润动力的驱使下，商业银行需要加快业务转型。实践证明，目前商业银行的风险管理水平不能满足日益变化的中小企业融资业务的需要，无利于对中小企业融资业务的风险进行准确的识别和控制，这严重制约了商业银行中小企业贷款业务的发展。近20年来，伴随着国家公路、桥梁投资建设步伐的加快，国内路桥施工企业发展进入快速增长的黄金时期。作为支柱产业的路桥施工行业，在我国工业化和城市化进程中，不仅地位不断增强，，更因其对农村剩余劳动力的巨大吸纳作用，已成为社会经济稳定的关键。2013年6月,中国一场银行间“钱荒”，向市场发出了逼迫中国经济转型的强烈信号：去银行贷款更难了，银行公司化了，经营不善也会破产。虽然我国经济运行总体平稳，但受到国内外各类复杂环境因素的影响，经济增速放慢，投资增长减缓，施工企业发展面临业务量减少，劳动力成本上升，原材料价格上涨，企业融资渠道不畅，市场不规范等新问题。如何在应对当前挑战的同时，加快路桥施工企业转型升级的步伐，实现企业的可持续发展，是路桥施工企业亟需面对和解决的重大课题。本文以吉林省福地路桥有限公司向吉林银行申请融资业务为例，根据该企业的自身发展情况，对吉林银行向其进行融资的贷前审查、贷中操作、贷后管理等各个环节的风险进行识别和评价，拟定出适合企业特点的融资方案，并提出了融资全过程的风险控制方法，为实践操作提供理论基础,也为相关研究提供理论铺垫。
[Abstract]:Under the policy of encouraging and calling on commercial banks to provide credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises, on the one hand, commercial banks obtain a large spread in lending to small and medium-sized enterprises, on the other hand, they also bear more credit risks than other loan businesses. How to analyze and prevent the credit risk of small and medium-sized enterprises has become the most important work of commercial banks. Commercial banks should make great efforts to expand the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises, and at the same time fully understand the motives and methods of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, the characteristics of enterprises and the characteristics of risks. To find a reasonable way to promote and promote the operation and management of the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises from the operational level, while trying to raise the rate of return, to pay attention to the prevention and avoidance of risks, and to strike a balance between the income and the risk. At present, SMEs in China have the characteristics of high degree of dependence on external environment, imperfect management system, weak credit consciousness and so on, which make the possibility of loan default for SMEs to be very large, resulting in the increasing credit risk faced by banks. In addition, under the external competition pressure and the internal profit motive force, the commercial bank needs to speed up the business transformation. Practice has proved that the current risk management level of commercial banks can not meet the ever-changing needs of SME financing business, and it is not conducive to accurately identify and control the risk of SME financing business. This seriously restricts the development of small and medium-sized loan business of commercial banks. In the past 20 years, with the acceleration of national highway and bridge investment, the development of domestic road and bridge construction enterprises has entered a golden period of rapid growth. As a pillar industry, the road and bridge construction industry has not only strengthened its status in the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, but also has become the key to social and economic stability because of its huge role in absorbing surplus rural labor force. A "cash crunch" between banks in China has sent a strong signal to the market that it will be harder to get bank loans, corporatized and bankrupt. Although the economic operation of our country is generally stable, it is affected by various complicated environmental factors at home and abroad. The economic growth rate is slowing down, the investment growth is slowing down, the development of construction enterprises is facing a decrease in business volume, labor costs are rising, and the prices of raw materials are rising. Enterprise financing channel is not smooth, the market is not standardized and other new problems. How to speed up the transformation and upgrading of the road and bridge construction enterprises and realize the sustainable development of the enterprises is an important subject that the road and bridge construction enterprises urgently need to face and solve. This paper takes Jilin Fudi Road Bridge Co., Ltd. As an example to apply for financing business from Jilin Bank. According to the development of the enterprise, the paper reviews the financing of Jilin Bank before loan and operates in loan. After loan management and other aspects of the risk identification and evaluation, draw up the financing scheme suitable for the characteristics of the enterprise, and put forward the whole process of financing risk control method, for practical operation to provide a theoretical basis, but also for the relevant research to provide a theoretical basis.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4;F426.92

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