经济新常态下中国商业银行信贷结构的调整

发布时间：2018-07-22 19:08

【摘要】：当前中国经济发展已经进入新常态,主要特点是增长速度从高速降低到中高速,发展方式从规模速度型转变为质量效率型,发展动力要从主要依靠资源和低成本劳动力等要素投入升级为创新驱动。中国经济发展不会也不能再回到原先粗放的发展模式,而是通过全面深化改革推动经济结构调整,从增量扩能为主转向调整存量、做优增量并举,同时通过改善民生以及环境保护和综合治理,来倒逼产业转型升级,中国经济正在向形态更高级、分工更优化、结构更合理和对外更开放的阶段演变,但是想要实现这样广泛而深刻的变化十分困难,而在这一过程中,对于中国的商业银行来说同样面临巨大挑战和机遇。经济新常态下,中国乃至世界经济增速放缓、需求减少,产业结构调整和转型升级将使得许多企业生存困难,日益增大的信用风险、流动性风险、市场风险和汇率风险将加重银行不良资产风险,近几年中国的商业银行不良率不断攀升就是预警信号。同时中国将深化金融体制改革,建立健全多层次资本市场体系,上市企业、国有企业及中大型优质企业将由原先的商业银行间接融资为主转由直接融资为主,中国的商业银行正在失去传统的主要信贷市场；利率市场化的推进使得商业银行的净息差缩小,同业的激烈竞争和互联网金融等新业态的挑战将使商业银行的信贷业务发展面临巨大困难。本文通过分析中国商业银行信贷结构的现状,认为其存在着行业及客户集中度仍然较高,信贷业务仍然以公司贷款为主,产品同质化及创新不足等问题,因此商业银行应该按照经济发展规律和自身发展要求,站在经济全球化的角度制定信贷结构调整及业务发展的政策,建立动态调整信贷结构的长效机制,从行业结构、客户结构、信贷品种等多个方面进行信贷结构调整,在防范风险的基础上,最大限度地发挥商业银行专业能力,不断创新金融产品,为客户提供更好、更多的金融服务,不断增加商业银行的经营效益,充分发挥资源优化配置的作用,推进经济发展和社会进步。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, the main characteristics of which are that the growth rate has been reduced from high speed to medium high speed, and the mode of development has changed from scale speed type to quality efficiency type. The motive force of development should be upgraded from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor input to innovation-driven. China's economic development will not and can no longer return to its original extensive development model. Instead, it will promote economic restructuring through comprehensive deepening of reform, shifting from an incremental capacity expansion to an adjustment of the stock, and doing both the best and the incremental. At the same time, by improving people's livelihood, environmental protection and comprehensive management, we are forcing industrial transformation and upgrading. China's economy is evolving towards a stage where the form of the economy is more advanced, the division of labor is more optimized, the structure is more rational and the external economy is more open. However, it is very difficult to realize such extensive and profound changes, and in this process, Chinese commercial banks also face enormous challenges and opportunities. Under the new normal state of the economy, the economic growth rate of China and even the world is slowing down, the demand is decreasing, the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation and upgrading will make many enterprises difficult to survive, increasing credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk and exchange rate risk will increase the risk of bad assets of banks. The rising rate of commercial banks in China in recent years is a warning sign. At the same time, China will deepen the reform of the financial system, establish and improve a multi-level capital market system. Listed enterprises, state-owned enterprises and large high-quality enterprises will switch from indirect financing by the original commercial banks to direct financing. China's commercial banks are losing their traditional major credit markets; the promotion of interest rate liberalization has narrowed the net interest margin of commercial banks. The fierce competition of interbank and the challenge of new business form, such as Internet finance, will make the development of credit business of commercial banks face great difficulties. By analyzing the present situation of the credit structure of Chinese commercial banks, this paper holds that there are still some problems in the credit structure of Chinese commercial banks, such as the high concentration degree of industry and customers, the credit business is still dominated by company loans, the products are homogenized and the innovation is insufficient, and so on. Therefore, according to the law of economic development and the requirements of their own development, commercial banks should formulate policies for the adjustment of credit structure and the development of business from the perspective of economic globalization, and establish a long-term mechanism for dynamic adjustment of credit structure, from the perspective of industry structure. Customer structure, credit variety and other aspects of credit structure adjustment, on the basis of risk prevention, to maximize the professional ability of commercial banks, constantly innovate financial products, and provide customers with better, more financial services. We will continuously increase the operating efficiency of commercial banks, give full play to the role of optimizing the allocation of resources, and promote economic development and social progress.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.4

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