京津冀北地区城乡建设用地增长研究

发布时间：2018-12-05 19:15

【摘要】：随着改革开放的不断深化，从上个世纪末开始，我国的经济和城镇化已步入快速发展的阶段，其显著特征是：除了农村的产业和人口迅速向各级城镇转移和集聚以外，还伴随各类农用地、未利用地转化为建设用地。鉴于我国人口地少、耕地稀缺的现实国情，在城镇化过程中我们不仅要关注人口和产业的转移，更需要加强城乡土地的转换和合理有效利用。因此，，本文以我国城镇化发展最为迅猛的京津冀北地区为研究范围，以区县为主要统计单元，重点关注城乡建设用地在2000-2010年期间的规模增长和土地使用的人口经济绩效，并在此基础上对整个区域城乡空间发展类型进行了划分。由于我国特殊的城乡二元土地制度，城镇和乡村建设用地在扩张过程中是两个相对独立的主体，被赋予完全不同的使用权能，人为地造成我国建设用地市场的割裂，其结果是一方面城镇建设用地不足，只能设立各种名目的独立工矿用地来缓解建设需求，另一方面农村建设用地大量空置，利用效率不高，浪费现象严重。统筹城乡发展，需要将两者统一起来考虑，从而寻找城乡建设用地增长问题的症结。本文通过研究分析发现，京津冀北地区城乡建设用地增长过程中存在如下特征：（1）城镇工矿用地上升是近年来城乡建设用地增长的主要推手；（2）城乡建设用地在不同区域的现状分布和增长态势差异明显，不同类型的城乡建设用地空间集聚特征也完全不同；（3）城乡建设用地新增来源仍旧以耕地为代表的农用地为主，内部结构转换比例过低；（4）人均建设用地增长迅速，特别是农村人均用地建设用地2010年达到国家标准上限的1.9倍，低效无序利用问题严重；（5）城乡建设用地的人口密度和经济密度在空间分布存在差异化的多中心结构，密度中心的辐射范围和门槛值也有较大不同，区域内部城乡建设用地聚集人口和承载经济的功能存在区别。因此，在未来城乡空间发展过程中，充分挖掘人均建设用地的下降潜力、注重提高农村建设用地和城镇工矿用地之间的转换比例，制定差异化的区域空间发展政策至少是未来城乡建设用地增长管理工作的三个努力方向。
[Abstract]:With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, since the end of the last century, China's economy and urbanization has entered a stage of rapid development, the remarkable characteristics of which are: in addition to the rapid transfer and agglomeration of rural industries and population to cities and towns at all levels, Also accompanied by various types of agricultural land, unused land into construction land. In view of the fact that the population is small and the cultivated land is scarce in our country, we should not only pay attention to the transfer of population and industry in the process of urbanization, but also strengthen the transformation of urban and rural land and the rational and effective use of it. Therefore, this paper focuses on the scale growth of urban and rural construction land and the population and economic performance of land use in the period of 2000-2010, taking the north area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as the research scope and the district and county as the main statistical unit. On this basis, the whole regional urban and rural spatial development types are divided. Due to the special urban-rural dual land system, urban and rural construction land is two relatively independent subjects in the process of expansion. The result is that, on the one hand, the urban construction land is insufficient and can only set up a variety of names of independent industrial and mining land to alleviate the construction demand, on the other hand, a large number of rural construction land is vacant, the utilization efficiency is not high, and the phenomenon of waste is serious. To coordinate urban and rural development, it is necessary to consider both of them in order to find the crux of the problem of urban and rural construction land growth. Through the research and analysis, it is found that the following characteristics exist in the process of urban and rural construction land growth in the north of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei: (1) the increase of urban industrial and mining land is the main driving force of urban and rural construction land growth in recent years; (2) the present distribution and growth situation of urban and rural construction land in different regions are obviously different, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics of different types of urban and rural construction land are completely different; (3) the new sources of urban and rural construction land are still the agricultural land represented by cultivated land, and the proportion of internal structure transformation is too low; (4) the per capita construction land increased rapidly, especially in rural areas, the per capita land use reached 1.9 times of the national standard in 2010, and the problem of inefficient and disorderly utilization was serious; (5) the population density and economic density of urban and rural construction land have different multi-center structure in spatial distribution, and the radiation range and threshold of density center are also different. There are differences in the functions of urban and rural construction land gathering population and carrying economy within the region. Therefore, in the process of urban and rural spatial development in the future, we should fully tap the decline potential of per capita construction land, pay attention to increasing the conversion ratio between rural construction land and urban industrial and mining land. The development of differentiated regional spatial development policy is at least three directions for urban and rural construction land growth and management in the future.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.23

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