碳减排政策下闭环供应链网络均衡决策研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 15:38

本文选题：风险规避　切入点：复合碳减排政策　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来温室气体大量排放所引发的环境问题日益严峻,政府对企业碳排放的规制势必越来越严。如何制定有效的碳减排政策引导企业减排决策成为社会关注的热点,但企业作为碳减排实施主体,对其经济效益、内外部竞争环境,以及自身决策行为特点的考虑不可忽视。企业的竞争在演变为供应链之间竞争的同时,其所处的环境更趋向为具有层级结构的闭环供应链网络,碳减排政策下企业的减排决策与供应链网络同层、上下游企业决策密切相关,减排目标仅仅通过单个企业经营策略的改变很难有效地实现。因此,将碳减排政策纳入供应链网络环境,研究企业均衡状态下最优决策问题以及探讨政府部门在供应链网络环境中如何科学地制定碳减排政策是本文研究主题。本文主要研究工作如下:(1)针对地方政府为应对日剧恶化的环境问题,倾向于通过设定本地区最大碳排放量来满足中央政府的碳减排总量要求的事实,利用变分不等式等方法,刻画了碳限额约束下网络各层决策者的竞争决策行为。现有文献没有在碳减排政策下考虑市场需求的不确定性,本文通过考虑市场的随机需求,即需求市场中产品存在缺货与滞销两种可能,建立了碳限额约束下,考虑碳税的需求不确定型闭环供应链网络均衡决策模型。发现在需求不确定的市场环境下,网络内生最优碳税保证了均衡状态下企业碳排放量没有超过政府规定的限额,但使得企业的经济绩效与环境绩效不一致。(2)建立了复合碳减排政策下需求不确定型闭环供应链网络均衡决策模型,证实碳补贴可实现企业在碳减排政策约束下的双赢。本文在已有的单一碳减排政策的闭环供应链网络研究基础上,考虑复合碳减排政策、市场需求不确定性,构建了由多个制造商、多个零售商、多个随机需求市场组成的闭环供应链网络均衡决策模型。研究表明:较高的碳补贴可实现企业在碳限额约束下,其经济绩效与环境绩效的双赢,但这却损害了消费者利益;同时发现政府部门碳补贴政策的制定应适应市场需求的变化。(3)基于碳排放权为一种新型资源将改变企业运营成本结构和盈利模式,以及现实中决策者具有风险规避偏好的事实,本文利用变分不等式等方法,给出了碳排放权约束下的闭环供应链网络达到均衡状态时的条件。现有文献只研究网络中一层决策者风险规避的特点,本文通过对网络中制造商层、零售商层决策者风险规避行为的考虑,构建碳排放权约束下风险规避型闭环供应链网络均衡模型,研究表明:企业风险规避行为有助于促进企业的减排,同时发现合理制定碳交易价格,有助于闭环供应链网络企业主动实施碳减排。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the environmental problems caused by a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions are becoming more and more serious, and the regulation of carbon emissions by the government is bound to become more and more stringent. How to formulate effective carbon emission reduction policies to guide enterprises to make emission reduction decisions has become a hot spot of social concern. However, as the main body of carbon emission reduction, enterprises should consider the economic benefits, internal and external competitive environment, and the characteristics of their own decision-making behavior. At the same time, the competition of enterprises evolves into the competition between supply chains. Its environment tends to be a closed-loop supply chain network with hierarchical structure. Under the carbon emission reduction policy, the enterprises' emission reduction decisions are closely related to the supply chain network, and the upstream and downstream enterprises' decisions are closely related. It is difficult to achieve the emission reduction goal effectively by changing the management strategy of individual enterprise. Therefore, the carbon reduction policy is integrated into the supply chain network environment. It is the main topic of this paper to study the optimal decision making under the condition of enterprise equilibrium and how to scientifically formulate the carbon emission reduction policy in the supply chain network environment. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1. To deal with the worsening environmental problems of the Japanese drama, The fact that the total amount of carbon reduction required by the central government can be met by setting the maximum amount of carbon emissions in the region, and the use of variational inequalities and other methods, This paper describes the competitive decision-making behavior of decision makers at all levels of the network under carbon limitation constraints. The existing literature does not consider the uncertainty of market demand under carbon emission reduction policy. In this paper, the stochastic demand of the market is considered. That is to say, there are two kinds of possibilities of product shortage and unsalable in the demand market. A demand uncertain closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium decision model considering carbon tax is established under the carbon quota constraint. It is found that in the market environment with uncertain demand, it is found that, The endogenously optimal carbon tax on the network ensures that in equilibrium companies do not exceed government limits on carbon emissions. However, due to the inconsistency between economic performance and environmental performance of enterprises, the equilibrium decision model of supply chain network with uncertain demand under the compound carbon emission reduction policy is established. It is proved that carbon subsidy can achieve a win-win situation for enterprises under the constraints of carbon emission reduction policy. Based on the research on the closed-loop supply chain network of single carbon emission reduction policy, this paper considers the compound carbon emission reduction policy and the uncertainty of market demand. A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium decision model, which consists of multiple manufacturers, retailers and random demand markets, is constructed. The economic performance and environmental performance of the win-win situation, but this damage to the interests of consumers; At the same time, it is found that the formulation of government carbon subsidy policy should adapt to the change of market demand. Based on the fact that carbon emission right as a new resource will change the operating cost structure and profit model of enterprises, and the fact that decision-makers have risk aversion preference in reality. In this paper, by using variational inequalities and other methods, the conditions for the closed-loop supply chain network with carbon emission rights to reach equilibrium state are given. The existing literature only studies the characteristics of risk aversion of decision-makers in the network. By considering the risk-averse behavior of decision-makers at manufacturer level and retailer level in the network, this paper constructs a risk-averse closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model under the restriction of carbon emission rights. The research shows that the risk-averse behavior is helpful to promote the reduction of carbon emissions, and it is also found that it is helpful for the closed-loop supply chain network enterprises to implement carbon emission reduction by making a reasonable carbon trading price.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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