再生资源供应链的结构、行为和绩效分析

发布时间：2018-03-09 01:35

本文选题：再生资源　切入点：逆向供应链　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：再生资源是一种特殊的资源类型,兼具资源资产产权和环境产权,两者相互作用引导其开发利用自组织形成了正规与非正规回收利用者相互交织的完整逆向供应链系统。协调其中各主体间的利益关系、减少逆向供应链的环境污染和整体运行损耗是再生资源开发利用水平提升的关键手段。为此,本文以北京市废旧电视为例,利用实地调研的方法,系统分析了再生资源供应链的结构、行为和绩效(SCP)。结果表明:(1)消费者选择一级回收者时具有价值性、便捷性和规范性三种偏好。销售商回收模式可较好地满足消费者的需求,成为其首选方案,然而,"以旧换新"限制了无需购买新电视的人群。游商以45%的份额占据了剩余一级回收市场的主导地位。(2)一级与二级回收者间形成了稳定的合作关系,二手市场扩大了一级回收者的利润,中间商则为一级回收者提供了稳定的需求保障。(3)受到非正规拆解作坊的挤占,正规拆解企业产能严重过剩。一方面,降低了拆解企业对收购产品的质量要求,致使中间商偷换有价组件和跨境转移电子废弃物等问题日益严重。另一方面,正规拆解企业会提高收购价格,致使政府补贴的基金大部分转移至回收环节,巩固了现有的正规与非正规回收者共存的供应链结构。(4)个体中间商及非正规拆解利用作坊是再生资源供应链低效率的关键。本文调整了现有的家电基金制度,建议在电视销售环节向消费者征收40元/台的基金,并将其中的10元/台用于扶持政府可管控的正规主体中间商,代替个体中间商的功能,其余金额可用于弥补现有基金的亏空。该种模式可充分利用现有的一级回收者及二手市场,并可有效提升再生资源供应链的整体绩效水平。
[Abstract]:Renewable resources are a special type of resources, which have the property rights of resources assets and environment. The interaction between them leads them to develop and utilize a complete reverse supply chain system with formal and informal recyclers intertwining with each other. Reducing environmental pollution and overall operation loss of reverse supply chain is the key means to improve the level of development and utilization of renewable resources. Therefore, this paper takes Beijing waste TV as an example and makes use of the method of field investigation. The structure, behavior and performance of the renewable resource supply chain are systematically analyzed. The results show that the consumers have three preferences of value, convenience and standardization when choosing the first-degree recycler. However, "old for new" limits the number of people who don't need to buy new televisions. Tour operators dominate the remaining primary recycling market with a share of 45%.) there is a stable partnership between first-tier and second-tier recyclers. The secondary market has expanded the profits of first-tier recyclers, while middlemen have provided a stable demand guarantee for first-tier recyclers. They have been squeezed out by informal dismantling workshops, and the formal dismantling enterprises have serious overcapacity. On the one hand, It reduces the quality requirements of dismantling enterprises to acquire products, resulting in increasingly serious problems such as the stealthy exchange of valuable components and cross-border transfer of electronic waste by middlemen. On the other hand, regular dismantling enterprises will raise the purchase price. Leading to the transfer of most of the government-subsidized funds to recycling, The key to the inefficiency of the renewable resource supply chain is to consolidate the existing supply chain structure of formal and informal recyclers. (4) individual middlemen and informal workshops are the keys to the inefficiency of the renewable resource supply chain. This paper adjusts the existing household appliance fund system. It is suggested that 40 yuan / unit fund should be collected from consumers in the TV sales link, and 10 yuan / Taiwan should be used to support the regular principal intermediaries that the government can control, instead of the functions of individual middlemen. The remaining amount can be used to make up for the deficit of the existing fund. This model can make full use of the existing primary recycler and secondary market, and can effectively improve the overall performance level of the renewable resource supply chain.
【作者单位】：北京工业大学循环经济研究院;
【基金】：科技部科技创新战略研究专项“绿色转型及生态文明与创新驱动的关系研究”(批准号:ZLY2015033) 国家发展改革委专项“再生原料推广使用与基金动态调整研究”(批准号:033000541214001) 北京市社会科学基金项目“互联网+再生资源回收模式及运行机制研究”(批准号:16YJC042)
【分类号】：F274;F426.6;F713.2

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