基于DEA的众包供应商绩效评价与选择

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:16

本文选题：DEA　切入点：众包　出处：《安徽工程大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在"互联网+"条件下,现代制造型企业的发展趋势转向生产制造服务化和生产制造信息化,生产制造服务化和制造资源的线上虚拟配置也对现代制造型企业提出了新的发展要求。随着顾客对产品和服务的需求转向个性化、多样化,制造业生产方式和内外部环境也已发生深刻变化。对现代制造型企业来说,为了响应市场需求和提升市场竞争力,形成了多品种小批量的大规模定制化生产模式。由于供应链要求成员企业间产能匹配和定制化需求的动态性变化,致使供应链运作过程中不可避免存在供应链成员企业的生产能力过剩和制造资源得不到充分利用及供应链运作成本难以得到实质性降低等问题。为解决这些问题,在互联网环境下,让社会动态的闲置制造资源得以有效利用和解决产能过剩与供应链运作成本难以得到实质性降低等问题,一种新型的"互联网+服务化制造"模式——云制造模式应运而生。云制造模式是基于互联网线上组建虚拟定制化供应链和线下供应链运作与管理,突破了实体供应链受地域限制的特定对象和范围,不再是外包而是更大范围、不确定对象的众包,外包供应商转化为众包供应商,形成众包供应链。市场竞争归根到底是供应链间的竞争,在"互联网+"环境和众包模式下则转化为众包供应链间的竞争。云制造模式下众包供应链的组建效率、运作效率以及运作成本直接关系到供应链企业的整体经济效益。传统的基于能力供应商评价与选择的供应链组建,运作后基于绩效评价的供应链改进的供应链管理模式,显然不能适应以"一次性临时合作关系"为主要特征的众包供应链。"互联网+"众包环境下,众包供应商评价选择问题成为众包供应链管理关键核心问题。本文结合云制造、众包、供应商管理等相关理论基础,以一种全新的基于绩效的视角研究众包供应链各环节所涉及的众包供应商评价与选择问题。首先对云制造、众包以及众包供应链和众包供应商的内涵及特点的界定;其次,针对众包供应链运作具有"一次性"的特征,提出众包供应商选择不仅注重能力,更应该注重成员企业间匹配关系的绩效,结合SCOR模型构建基于绩效视角的众包供应商评价指标体系;其三,考虑到众包供应商间不再是合作竞争关系而是竞争博弈关系,同时竞争相对于外包将更加激励,在对众包供应商的评价方法上,按照非合作博弈均衡的思想引入博弈论理念,在交叉效率DEA评价方法模型基础上实施改善,形成符合众包供应商的交叉竞争的博弈绩效DEA评价方法;最后运用Matlab、DEAP2.1软件处理算例数据,通过数据分析结果验证方法的可行性和实用性。众包供应商的优选可实现基于绩效组建"一次性"最优众包供应链的目的,克服了基于能力组建供应链先天不足问题,将事后评价-改善-评价转化为事前预防。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of "Internet", the development trend of modern manufacturing enterprises has turned to manufacturing service and manufacturing informatization. The online virtual configuration of manufacturing services and manufacturing resources also puts forward new requirements for the development of modern manufacturing enterprises. As customers' demand for products and services turns to personalization and diversification, The mode of production and the internal and external environment of manufacturing have also undergone profound changes. For modern manufacturing enterprises, in order to respond to market demand and enhance market competitiveness, A large-scale customized production model with multiple varieties and small batches is formed. Because the supply chain requires the dynamic change of capacity matching and customized demand among member enterprises, In order to solve these problems, the overcapacity of supply chain member enterprises, the underutilization of manufacturing resources and the reduction of supply chain operation cost inevitably exist in the process of supply chain operation. In the Internet environment, the social dynamic idle manufacturing resources can be effectively used and solve the overcapacity and supply chain operating costs are difficult to achieve substantial reduction, and so on. A new mode of "Internet service-oriented manufacturing", cloud manufacturing model, has emerged. Cloud manufacturing mode is based on the virtual customized supply chain and offline supply chain operation and management. It breaks through the specific object and scope of the entity supply chain, which is limited by the region, and is no longer outsourcing, but is more extensive, the crowdsourcing of the uncertain object, the outsourcing supplier is transformed into the crowdsourcing supplier. In the final analysis, market competition is competition among supply chains, which is transformed into competition among crowdsourcing supply chains under the "Internet" environment and crowdsourcing mode. Operation efficiency and operation cost are directly related to the overall economic benefits of supply chain enterprises. Traditional supply chain construction based on capability supplier evaluation and selection, and supply chain management model based on performance evaluation after operation. Obviously, it can not adapt to the crowdsourcing supply chain characterized by one-off temporary cooperative relationship. In the "Internet" crowdsourcing environment, the evaluation and selection of crowdsourcing suppliers becomes the key core issue of crowdsourcing supply chain management. Based on the related theories of crowdsourcing and supplier management, this paper studies the evaluation and selection of crowdsourcing suppliers from a new performance-based perspective. The definition of the connotation and characteristics of crowdsourcing supply chain and crowdsourcing supplier. Secondly, aiming at the "one-off" feature of crowdsourcing supply chain operation, it is proposed that the selection of crowdsourcing suppliers should not only focus on capability, More attention should be paid to the performance of the matching relationship between member enterprises, combined with the SCOR model to build a crowdsourcing supplier evaluation index system based on the performance perspective. Third, considering that the crowdsourcing supplier is no longer a cooperative competition relationship but a competitive game relationship. At the same time, competition will be more incentive than outsourcing, in the evaluation method of crowdsourcing suppliers, according to the idea of non-cooperative game equilibrium, the concept of game theory is introduced and improved on the basis of cross-efficiency DEA evaluation method model. The DEA evaluation method of game performance is formed according to the cross-competition of crowdsourcing suppliers. Finally, the software Matlab DEAP2.1 is used to deal with the example data, The result of data analysis verifies the feasibility and practicability of the method. The optimal selection of crowdsourcing suppliers can realize the purpose of establishing "one-off" optimal crowdsourcing supply chain based on performance, which overcomes the inherent deficiency of building supply chain based on capability. Transform ex post evaluation-improvement-evaluation into pre-prevention.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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