企业创新网络结构及演化研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 17:29

本文选题：企业创新网络　切入点：复杂网络　出处：《南京师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：党的十八大强调我国必须坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略,这一战略已成为世界各主要国家经济发展的重要选择。企业作为国家创新体系中的主导力量,能否提升其创新能力事关国家创新驱动战略的成败。日趋激烈的全球竞争、不断缩短的技术更新周期都使得企业面临的创新压力空前巨大。企业的创新活动越来越难独立完成,而企业创新网络可以更好地帮助企业获取创新资源、分散创新风险、提高创新效率、节约创新成本,因而成为企业提升创新能力的重要途径。基于国家创新发展、企业创新发展的紧迫需求,企业创新网络成为当前创新研究的热点和实践关注的领域。充分认识和把握企业创新网络的演化发展规律,才能有效地解决企业创新问题。但现有研究对于其宏观演化规律和内在微观动态特征的研究都不够深入。宏观演化规律方面,现有研究主要基于复杂网路模型对网络演化规律进行演绎,普遍关注择优连接机制的设计,对节点及连接的双向变化、模型结合实际网络数据分析双向演化机制分析存在不足。微观演化特征分析上,现有研究对于网络节点的差异化地位和作用的认识不够充分,缺乏有效的方法区分不同节点的重要程度;网络中核心节点的动态分析对于把握网络演化规律有着重要意义,忽略这些关键节点必将导致网络演化重要信息的缺失;现有研究关注到了核心企业在创新网络中的重要地位,但对于核心企业的界定和识别标准模糊,缺乏可行的定量分析方法,对核心企业的网络构建与发展策略的研究也存在不足。在分析当前研究现状的基础上,本研究综合运用复杂网络理论、社会网络理论、灰色系统理论、创新管理理论及方法,从宏观层面研究了企业创新网络结构的动态演化规律,从微观层面对网络节点的重要性进行评估,结合评估结果识别和判定其核心节点,并构建核心节点个体网深入分析。主要研究内容如下:首先,本研究对无标度网络模型的构造算法进行改进,构建企业创新网络演化模型,对演化模型的度分布进行数学解析和数值模拟;利用数字信息传输技术领域联合申请专利数据,构建不同演化阶段企业创新网络,从节点的度分布、网络节点动态变化以及网络连接特征等方面分析其演化规律。分析结果表明:利用专利数据构建网络节点的度分布及变化情况与模型表现一致;网络在新增节点不断增加,规模不断扩大的同时伴随节点的频繁退出,这一行为对网络演化的稳定性产生重要影响;网络连接特征上,从多中心度综合视角对网络连接机制进行分析,发现网络节点间的连接的建立和消除都具有高度的选择性;择优连接机制上,网络不仅表现出度数择优连接机制,而且中介中心度高的节点与新增合作显著相关,表现出更大的吸引力;反择优删除机制上,度中心度值较小的节点容易与其他节点解除合作关系而退出网络,相对于度中心度,中介中心度与节点间解除合作关系而退出网络的相关关系更为显著,接近中心度的这一表现介于中介中心度与度中心度之间,结果表明择优连接和反择优删除动态双向混合演化机制的设计更符合实际网络演化规律。其次,基于网络中心性指标分析,运用层次分析法和灰色关联分析法,构建了一种网络节点重要性评估模型,并利用此模型对数字信息传输技术领域企业创新网络节点的重要性进行评估。研究发现:网络中的重要节点并没有遵循强者更强的路径依赖规律,而是随着网络的演化,重要节点的更新或替代较为频繁。在数字信息传输技术领域创新网络中,中国企业的重要性排名提升较快,陆续超越日本、韩国企业,逐渐占据网络核心位置,对于网络的演化发展起了重要推动作用。通过不同演化阶段节点重要性排序变化情况的对比分析,发现早期网络单一核心节点重要性突出,随着网络演化逐渐呈现为少数几个节点重要性突出的多核心网络形态,即网络形态由早期的单核网络向多核网络发展。同时,研究发现节点地位显著上升主要是由于其合作关系的增加,或是与网络中重要性程度较高的节点建立了连接,而节点地位显著下降主要是由于其合作关系的减少,或是与其有合作关系的成员的重要性下降。最后,在网络节点重要性评估的基础上,对不同演化阶段网络核心节点进行判定,据此识别出各阶段网络中的核心节点。为了更深入地洞察和分析核心节点网络演化发展的特点以及其独特的网络构建和发展策略,研究以网络核心节点企业华为公司为中心对其个体网动态演化进行分析,不仅从合作关系的远近程度上进行区分,分别构建其不同阶段一层个体网、二层个体网进行分析,而且选择同处整体网中的另一核心节点三星电子为比较对象进行比较分析,以更细致的剖析核心节点创新网络构建策略及特点。研究表明,二者在网络中地位的变化以及个体网演化发展形态的差异主要源于各自创新网络构建策略存在差异,华为公司个体网随网络演化呈现合作规模不断扩大,合作对象重要性不断提升的特征,而三星电子合作规模、合作对象在网络中的重要性均呈起伏变化特征。研究有助于企业提高对创新网络重要性的认识,科学分析自身在网络中的地位,学习和借鉴核心企业网络构建及发展策略,建立有利于提升自身创新能力的战略性合作伙伴关系,不断提升其创新绩效。有助于政府部门科学把握创新网络演化发展规律,制定更有效的创新管理策略,更好地为企业创新活动提供政策支持,全面提升企业创新能力。
[Abstract]:The party's eighteen stressed that China must unswervingly implement innovation driven development strategy, this strategy has become an important choice of the economic development of the main countries in the world. Enterprises as the leading force in national innovation system, can enhance its innovation ability is a matter of national innovation driven strategy. The success of the increasingly fierce global competition, shortening technology renewal period makes enterprises face unprecedented pressure. The innovation of enterprise's innovation activities become more and more difficult to independently, and the enterprise innovation network can better help enterprises obtain decentralized innovation resources, innovation risk, improve innovation efficiency, saving the cost of innovation, and thus become an important way for enterprises to improve the ability of innovation. The innovation and development of the country based on the urgent demand the development of enterprise innovation, enterprise innovation network has become the hot research and innovation practice areas of concern. To fully understand and Hold the evolution of innovation network, can effectively solve the problem of enterprise innovation. But the existing research on the macroscopic evolution and internal microcosmic dynamic characteristics are not deep enough. The macro evolution, the existing research is mainly based on the complex network evolution model of network law interpretation, attention to design the preferential attachment mechanism. The bidirectional change of nodes and links, the model combined with the actual network data analysis problems. Analysis the evolution mechanism of two-way analysis of micro evolution characteristics, the existing research and understanding of difference network node status is not sufficient, the degree of importance of the lack of effective method to distinguish between different nodes; dynamic analysis of core nodes in the network is very important to grasp the network evolution, lack of ignoring these key nodes will lead to network evolution of important information available; Research attention to the important position of core enterprise in the innovation network, but for the definition of core enterprises and the recognition standard is vague, lack of feasible quantitative analysis method, the research on construction and development strategies are also problems of the core enterprise network. Based on the analysis of the current status of the research on the comprehensive use of the complex network theory. The social network theory, grey system theory, the theory and methods of innovation management, from the macro level study of the dynamic structure of enterprise innovation network evolution, face the importance of network nodes from the micro level evaluation, combined with the evaluation results of the judgment and recognition of the core node, and construct the core nodes of individual network analysis. The main contents are as follows: first of all in this study, improved algorithm of scale-free network model, constructs the evolution model of enterprise innovation network, the degree distribution evolution model number Analytical and numerical studies; the field of digital information transmission technology combined with patent data, build innovation networks in different stages of evolution, from the degree distribution of nodes, the evolution rules of dynamic analysis of network node changes and network connection features and so on. The results indicate: the degree of distribution and variation of model performance and consistent construct network nodes by using the patent data network; the continuous increase in the new node, expanding at the same time with frequent node exit, this behavior has an important effect on the stability of the network evolution; network connection characteristics, from the perspective of integrated multi center network connection mechanism is analyzed, that is highly selective for connection establishment and elimination among the network nodes; preferential attachment mechanism, the network not only showed the degree of preferential attachment mechanism, and node intermediary center high and new Significantly enhanced cooperation, show more attractive; anti preferential deletion mechanism, degree centrality smaller nodes easy to lift the cooperation with other nodes from the network, with respect to the degree centrality, betweenness centrality and the relationship between the nodes to disengage and exit the network is more significant to the performance intermediary between center degree and centrality, results show that the optimizing design of connection and anti preferential dynamic evolution mechanism of the two-way mixed delete more realistic network evolution. Secondly, based on the analysis of the index of network center, using AHP and grey correlation analysis method, constructs a network node importance evaluation model. And the importance of the field of digital information transmission technology innovation network node is evaluated using this model. The study found: an important node in the network does not follow the strong The path dependence of the stronger, but along with the network evolution, update or replace important nodes more frequently. In the innovation network in the field of digital information transmission technology, the importance of Chinese enterprise rankings faster, has surpassed Japan, South Korean companies, gradually occupy the core position for the development of network, network evolution plays an important role by comparing the different stages of evolution. The change of node importance analysis, early detection of network single core node importance, as the network is gradually showing the evolution of multi core network nodes to form a few prominent, namely the network morphology development from a single core network early to multi-core network. At the same time, the study found significant increase in node the position is mainly due to the increase of the relationship, or the importance of network nodes and higher connection is established, and node status Significant decline was mainly due to a decrease in the partnership, or a decline in the importance of members have their relationship. Finally, based on Evaluation of node importance, in different stages of evolution of network core nodes are determined, according to identify the core node of each stage in the network. In order to gain a deeper insight into the evolution and development analysis of the core nodes of the network and its unique network construction and development strategy research in network core node enterprise HUAWEI company as the center of the individual network dynamic evolution analysis, not only to distinguish from the distance relationship, the different stages of a layer of individual network were constructed, two layers of individual network analysis and selection another core node in the whole network of Samsung as a comparison object of comparative analysis, to analyze the strategy of constructing the core node of innovation network in more detail And characteristics. The study shows that the changes of the two position in the network as well as differences in the evolution form of individual network is mainly due to their differences in the innovation network construction strategy, HUAWEI's individual network with network evolution shows expanding cooperation, cooperation characteristics of growing importance, and Samsung cooperation scale, the importance of cooperation in the object the network showed fluctuation characteristics. Research helps enterprises to improve the understanding of the importance of innovation network, the scientific analysis of their position in the network, and learn from the construction and development strategy of the core enterprise network, is conducive to the establishment of strategic partnership to enhance their innovation ability, and constantly improve the innovation performance. Help government departments scientific grasp the evolution of innovation network, innovation management to develop more effective strategies, provide better policies for enterprise innovation activities Support, improve the ability of enterprise innovation in an all-round way.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F273.1

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