企业体系结构价值实现因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 07:47

  本文选题：企业体系结构(企业架构) + 架构(体系结构)　； 参考：《国防科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：企业体系结构(EA,Enterprise Architecture)在提高军队信息化建设与军事信息系统开发设计等领域相关决策的系统性、科学性具有重要作用。为确保EA决策支持作用的发挥并有效高效实现EA价值,推进EA价值实现因素研究,澄清EA价值体现,剖析EA价值实现规律,揭示相关影响因素及影响关系,具有重要理论价值和现实意义。具体而言,目前EA应用及EA仍常面临下述三类问题困难:(1)对EA认识的模糊性导致在应用中对EA技术方法定位的差异性;(2)EA应用中常缺乏EA知识和技巧;(3)现有EA应用过程的成熟度有限,EA应用效果不太理想。本文认为,导致出现这三个问题困难的原因是现有EA价值实现因素研究尚存在以下五点不足:(1)对于EA价值体现以及EA价值实现规律的认识较为薄弱;(2)缺乏关于如何确保EA价值实现过程可控以及可控制性方面的研究;(3)关于阻碍EA价值实现的挑战性因素的了解尚不够全面;(4)缺乏关于EA关键成功因素的系统研究;(5)EA是否采用的决策缺乏指导也没有受到应有重视。针对这五点不足,本文研究工作和研究贡献主要体现在以下五个方面:(一)揭示并阐述了EA价值认知的分歧本文提炼了EA价值的多样化体现,梳理研判了这些价值体现点的异同、关联关系,基于EA价值可期望性和可实现性的分析,本文逐步呈现出EA价值在认知上的分歧。该章研究表明,具有高期望性的EA价值并不一定具有高可实现性,可实现性高的EA价值也不一定具有高可期望性;EA价值并不会必然地收敛对齐。相反,对于众多利益攸关方来说,认知上的分歧客观存在。因此,应基于权变语境以及EA应用定制的要求,进行差别化地组织分类并分配企业资源,以体现EA价值诉求的差异。(二)梳理剖析了EA价值实现过程中实行“弱控制”的必然性基于EA价值的可度量性以及EA价值实现的可追溯性,本文梳理剖析了EA价值实现过程中的控制以及可控制性属性,从工业实践现状、背后的原因以及实用的对策等三个方面阐述了EA价值实现过程中实行“弱控制”的必然性。该章研究表明,就EA价值实现的控制和可控制性来说,技术上目前尚缺乏高效的方法(方法论)、模型或指标体系;然而,可控制性其实并不只是一个技术的问题,它同时还是一个涉及社会/政治/文化等方面的问题,所以利用社会/政治/文化等方面的方法来进行控制是可行的,而这注定是“软”的方法。技术支持是需要的,可社会/政治/文化等方面的问题才是决定性的。(三)研判了EA价值实现过程中的九大挑战本文梳理分析了ea价值实现的九大挑战,本文第五章构建了ea挑战模型以澄清这九大挑战的影响。该章研究表明,在ea落地实施过程中,存在诸多潜在的问题挑战;这些问题挑战不光涉及到技术,更涉及到政治/业务/人事方面的挑战;需要强调的是,政治/业务/人事方面的挑战,才真正反映了ea落地实施过程主要问题挑战的主要方面。(四)分析澄清了ea关键成功因素及其影响本文基于ea应用全生命周期中的视角,通过文献评阅提炼出四个方面共33个ea关键成功因素,构建了ea关键成功因素模型以澄清ea关键成功因素与ea成功的影响依赖关系,进而通过问卷调查分析了ea成功影响的相对重要性。这部分研究表明ea关键成功因素的主要方面是人事而非技术。ea关键成功因素作为检查列表清单将是ea应用管理的重要依据,利用这个列表清单可以对照检查发现不足,然后有针对性地进行资源配置调整,从而提高获得成功的可能性。(五)构建了ea适用性模型用以分析指导ea采用决策论文提出运用“ea适用性”的概念来指导ea采用决策,提炼了影响ea适用性的组织背景因素,构建了ea适用性模型用以分析澄清组织背景因素对ea适用性的影响。该部分研究表明,五个方面组织背景因素(a.主动变革的企业战略,b.依赖于it应用的业务实现,c.业务以及附属it应用的复杂度,d.企业治理it治理以及ea管理的成熟度,e.人事-组织事宜如领导力、组织文化以及信任等),通过两个媒介(ea正当性以及ea准备程度),影响着ea适用性。围绕上述五个核心研究内容,本文还进行了两项辅助性研究:一方面,本文提炼了ea技术方法的概念框架和特征内涵,对ea价值实现因素研究的内容以及问题框架进行了分解描述。另一方面,本文基于大数据战略,以信息化规划为背景做了一个ea应用综合案例。案例研究给出了ea采用决策过程模型和ea应用实施过程模型,细化了规划过程,对ea价值实现(即ea应用)的主要步骤流程进行了阐述,提高了ea价值实现的可操作性,从而说明了运用论文核心研究内容的成果结论来指导ea应用实践的可行性和有效性。另外需要强调,考虑到研究数据获取(即军事领域ea应用专家参与研究)存在现实困难,本文采取了基于ea民用来研究ea军事应用启示的思路。本文研究综合表明,ea军事应用是典型的“一把手”系统工程,需要“一把手”等顶层人员大力推进并全程跟踪;相比之下,技术方面的问题反而显得相对次要;需要在ea军事应用中贯彻“业务驱动技术”的思想,即“以形成战斗力”为标准,以军事需求和军事业务来驱动技术发展;要充分认识到ea军事应用场景中业务-人事、社会-文化-政治等领域的事宜和信息。ea应用不仅仅涉及技术,更涉及管理,诸如协调沟通、利益攸关方利益的综合考虑等都需要精心细致的管理配置权衡取舍。
[Abstract]:The EA (Enterprise Architecture) plays an important role in improving the decision-making of the military information construction and the development and design of military information system. It has an important role in the science. In order to ensure the role of the EA decision support, the value of the EA is effectively realized, the factors of the value realization of the EA are studied, the value of the EA is clarified, and the analysis of the value of the EA is clarified. EA value realization law, revealing the related influence factors and influence relations, has important theoretical value and practical significance. Specifically, EA application and EA are still often faced with the following three types of problems: (1) the ambiguity of the understanding of EA leads to the difference in the positioning of EA technical methods in the application; (2) EA applications often lack of EA knowledge and skills; (3) now (3) The maturity of EA application process is limited and the effect of EA application is not ideal. This paper argues that the reasons for the difficulty of these three problems are that there are still five shortcomings in the study of the existing EA value realization factors: (1) the understanding of the value embodiment of EA and the realization of EA value is relatively weak; (2) there is a lack of how to ensure the process of realizing the value of EA. Research on controllability and controllability; (3) the understanding of the challenging factors that impede the realization of EA value is not fully understood; (4) lack of systematic research on the key success factors of EA; (5) the lack of guidance on whether the decision is adopted by EA has not been paid attention to. The following five aspects: (I) reveals and expounds the differences in the value cognition of EA. This paper abstracts the diversity of the value of the EA, combing the similarities and differences of these values, the correlation, the expectation and the realization of the value of the EA. This article gradually presents the differences in the cognitive value of the value of the EA. The EA value of the expectation does not necessarily have high realization, and the high realization of the EA value does not necessarily have high expectation; the EA value does not necessarily converge to the alignment. On the contrary, the differences in cognition exist objectively for many stakeholders. Therefore, it should be differentiated based on the context of the contingency and the requirements of the customization of the EA application. Organization and distribution of enterprise resources to reflect the differences in EA value demands. (two) combing and analyzing the inevitability of "weak control" in the process of EA value realization, based on the measurability of EA value and the traceability of the realization of the value of EA, this paper analyses the control and controllability attributes of the realization of EA value from the industrial reality. The necessity of the implementation of "weak control" in the process of EA value realization is expounded in the three aspects of the current situation, the reasons behind it and the practical countermeasures. The study shows that, as far as the control and controllability of the EA value realization is concerned, the technology is still lacking the efficient method (Methodology), model or index system; however, the controllability is not in fact It is only a technical problem, and it is also a social / political / cultural problem, so it is feasible to use social / political / cultural methods, and it is doomed to be "soft". Technical support is needed, but social / political / cultural issues are decisive. (three) The nine challenges in the process of EA value realization are reviewed and analyzed in this paper, and the nine challenges of the realization of the value of EA are analyzed. The fifth chapter of this paper constructs the EA challenge model to clarify the impact of the nine challenges. The political / business / personnel challenges; it is important to emphasize that the political / business / personnel challenges really reflect the main aspects of the major challenges of the EA implementation process. (four) the analysis clarifies the key success factors of EA and the impact of this article on the perspective of the whole life cycle of the EA application, and refines four parties through literature review. There are 33 key success factors of EA, and a key success factor model of EA is constructed to clarify the relationship between the key success factors of EA and the impact of the success of EA, and then the relative importance of the success of EA is analyzed through a questionnaire. This part of the study shows that the key factor of the key success factor of EA is the key success factor of the personnel rather than the technical.Ea. Check list list will be an important basis for EA application management, using this list list can be compared to check the deficiencies, and then adjust the allocation of resources to improve the possibility of success. (five) a EA applicability model is constructed to guide EA to use the concept of "EA applicability" in decision-making paper. To guide EA to adopt decision making and to extract the organizational background factors affecting the applicability of EA, the EA applicability model was constructed to analyze the influence of the background factors on the applicability of the EA. This part of the study showed that the five aspects of the organizational background factors (the enterprise strategy of A. active change, B. dependence on the business implementation of the IT application, C. business and the affiliated it) The complexity of the application, the D. enterprise governance IT Governance and the maturity of EA management, e. personnel organizational matters such as leadership, organizational culture and trust, etc., affect the applicability of EA through two media (EA legitimacy and EA readiness). Around the above five core studies, two auxiliary studies are carried out in this paper: on the one hand, this article The conceptual framework and characteristic connotation of EA technology are extracted, and the content of EA value realization factors and the framework of the problem are described. On the other hand, based on the big data strategy, a comprehensive case of EA application is made with the background of information planning. The case study gives the decision process model of the EA and the implementation of the EA application. Process model, refining the planning process, the main steps of the EA value implementation (EA application) are elaborated to improve the operability of the EA value implementation, thus explaining the feasibility and effectiveness of using the results and conclusions of the core research content of the paper to guide the application of the EA application. There are practical difficulties in the study of the EA application experts in the military field. This paper adopts the idea of EA people used to study the Enlightenment of EA military applications. This study shows that the military application of EA is a typical "first hand" system engineering, which requires the top staff of "the first hand" to push forward and follow the whole process; in contrast, technical aspects The problem is rather minor; it is necessary to carry out the idea of "business driven technology" in the military application of EA, that is, "to form combat power" as the standard, to drive technology development with military demand and military service, and to fully recognize the matters of business personnel, social, cultural and political fields and information.Ea applications in the EA military application scene. It involves not only technology but also management, such as coordination and communication, comprehensive consideration of stakeholders' interests and so on. Careful and meticulous management configuration trade-offs are needed.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F272;E11
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本文编号：2013266