明清时期晋商会馆的社会经济功能研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 09:29

【摘要】：明清时期形成了很多重要的商帮,晋商就是其中之一。晋商是其中实力最为雄厚,涉及地域最广,驰骋商界时间最久的商帮。晋商以诚信为原则,勤俭节约、开源节流、信奉关帝,有自己的信仰。他们"学而优则商",由内而外散发着商人的气质。晋商仗义豪爽,积极上进又能吃苦,识人用人有自己的一套方法和原则。在管理方面也很有策略,宽严并济、惩罚分明,有明确又合理的惩罚机制。还懂得与时俱进,不断学习新的技能,及时了解新的市场信息。以上都是晋商能够在历史中叱咤几百年的原因,而晋商能有这样的成就,同时也要归功于会馆。"有麻雀飞的地方,就有晋商",晋商在他们所到之处都设庄进行贸易,逐渐由小村镇发展为城市,这里的"庄"就是指会馆,会馆最初是晋商为了维护商人的利益,帮助同乡商人解决燃眉之急而创建的,具有很强的商帮性、社会性、排他性和功能性。如果不是借助会馆的力量,晋商也很难有如此重要的地位。明清时期的晋商会馆分布广、规模大,形成了一个错综复杂的网络,代表着晋商的综合实力和发展状况,这个时期也是晋商会馆得以发展的黄金阶段。第一章是本文的绪论部分,这部分是研究明清时期晋商会馆功能的目的和意义,分析当前学术界对会馆的研究现状,介绍本文的研究方法。第二章从各个角度全面分析了会馆创立的原因。以同乡游子外出经商的思乡之苦、同乡官员定期的聚会议事为主题,分析会馆萌生的原动力。以乡人及第的同乡荣耀、科第兴隆的一路见证为线索,分析科举制度的驱动力。以各地特色的经济发展、区域市场网络和商帮的形成、地域政治意识的强化为缘由,分析经济、政治对于会馆发展的助推力。第三章以同乡会馆、行业会馆、乡绅会馆、科举会馆、兵会馆为标准,分析会馆类型的多样化。通过对明清时期晋商会馆的分布数量来总结会馆的共性特点,即地域性、商帮性、社会性、功能性。第四章和第五章集中讨论了明清时期晋商会馆的社会功能和经济功能。从社会功能的角度出发,会馆联络乡情、广通声息、崇祀神祗、酬神会戏、善行义举、扶残济困。从经济功能的角度出发,会馆是有仲裁与监督职能的仲裁机构,协助官府协调市场秩序和整顿民风的管理部门,承载商民信仰与道德教化的最佳场所。最后是本文的结论,会馆对于晋商来说,就像是黑夜里的明灯,为晋商的发展指明道路,更像是城堡里的战士,为晋商的长久立足保卫护航。但是对于浩瀚的历史长河来说,晋商会馆就像是大海里的一叶扁舟。万事万物都有自己的发展规律,有其独特的优势与弊端,会馆也不例外,它有着很强的地域性、排他性、商帮行、社会性、功能性,这些特点虽然在很大程度上使会馆得以快速发展,但是却免不了弊端带来的遗憾。会馆的发展具有相对性,排他性使会馆在明清时期的封建社会里暴露了它的局限性,社会性和功能性使会馆善行义举的慈善事业显现弊端,喧宾夺主。所以,必须正视会馆后来的落末,并且在它曾经的盛况和如今的衰落里回顾历史,总结经验教训。取其精华,去其糟粕。使会馆这盏明灯在历史长河中被人们重新记起。
[Abstract]:Shanxi merchants were one of the most powerful, covering the widest area and the longest time in the business circles. Shanxi merchants were honest, thrifty, thrifty, open-source and economical, believing in Guandi and believing in their own beliefs. Shanxi businessmen rely on righteousness and forthright, positive and hard-working, know and employ people have their own set of methods and principles. In the management aspect, they also have a good strategy, leniency and severity, clear punishment, a clear and reasonable punishment mechanism. They also know how to keep pace with the times, constantly learn new skills, and timely understand new market information. All of these are Shanxi businessmen can be in the history. For hundreds of years, Shanxi merchants owed this achievement to the guild hall. "Where sparrows fly, there are Shanxi merchants." Shanxi merchants set up villages to trade wherever they went, and gradually developed from small towns to cities. The guild hall here means the guild hall, which was originally designed to protect the interests of merchants and help fellow merchants. The Jin merchants'guilds in Ming and Qing Dynasties were widely distributed and large-scale, forming a complex network, representing the comprehensive strength and development of Shanxi merchants. The first chapter is the introduction part of this paper, which is the purpose and significance of studying the functions of the Jin Chamber of Commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, analyzes the current academic research on the guilds, introduces the research methods of this paper. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the establishment of the guilds from various angles. This paper analyzes the motive power of the guild hall by analyzing the homesickness of travelers going out to do business and the regular gathering of fellow officials. It also analyzes the driving force of the imperial examination system by the clue of the honor of the townsmen and their fellow countrymen and the witness of the prosperity of the Kurdish. It also analyzes the economic development of local characteristics, the formation of regional market networks and commercial gangs, and the strong regional political consciousness. Chapter three analyzes the variety of Guildhall types according to the standards of fellow-townsman guildhall, trade guild hall, squire guild hall, imperial examination guild hall and military guild hall. The fourth and fifth chapters focus on the social and economic functions of Jin chambers of Commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is that the guild hall is like a beacon in the dark for the Shanxi merchants, and it points out the way for the development of the Shanxi merchants. It is more like a fighter in a castle to defend the Shanxi merchants for a long time. In Changhe, the Jin Chamber of Commerce is like a boat in the sea. Everything has its own law of development, its unique advantages and disadvantages, Guildhall is no exception, it has a strong regional, exclusive, business, social, functional, although to a large extent, these characteristics of the embassy to develop rapidly, but unavoidably. In the feudal society of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the exclusive embassy exposed its limitations. The social and functional embassy's charity showed its drawbacks and occupied the host. Therefore, we must face up to the later decline of the embassy, and in its former grand occasion and present decline. It reviews history, sums up experience and lessons, takes its essence and goes to its dregs. The bright lamp of the embassy has been recalled in the long history.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.29

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