中西方对外传播话语权制度建构的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 10:36

  本文关键词：中西方对外传播话语权制度建构的比较研究　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 新闻制度 对外传播 话语权 制度权力 中西比较

【摘要】：当代社会是由若干相互竞争且半自主的制度秩序所构成。制度是一种权力关系,社会制度的功能体现在其权力行使中。新闻制度因其“社会介质”的制度特性而成为社会整体制度冲突与互动的平台。在对新闻制度的社会行为结果作出解释时,一方面要考量新闻制度本身的制度自主性所产生的制度效率,同时更需将其与社会制度环境因素之间的相互作用优先加以评估才具有足够的阐释力。 本文将影响新闻制度行为结果的社会制度权力关系因素主要概括为国家政治制度、经济制度和社会文化制度三要素。新闻制度与其他社会制度(主要是政治经济制度)之间的权力关系以及新闻制度自身的权力因素将共同作用于新闻话语的制度化形塑过程以及结果。 对外传播话语权是新闻制度对国家话语的建构结果。话语权建构是处在特定制度情境即社会权力关系中的新闻制度,通过话语建构来行使其制度权力、建构社会现实的过程。话语的制度建构过程是制度(权力关系)运用话语(符号权力)建构社会想象和社会认同,并通过制度化、职业化和一体化的实施,最终实现社会现实建构的过程。新闻制度是话语权建构过程的实施者,也是话语权建构结果的决定因素之一 社会制度权力的行使是指权力关系通过社会现实建构来实现其社会生活的“普遍存在”,权力的行使者运用制度权力建构“普遍真理”并框架社会行为。所谓“普遍真理”,意即社会权力的“知识”框架,是社会制度权力的拥有者(民族国家或群体)建构、传播以供人们应用的一整套社会标准和规范体系。在特定的社会制度情境中,话语实践的权力关系模式形成了正式的“知识”系统,新闻制度既是知识系统的参与建构者同时也是知识的介质系统,话语的建构过程亦是知识系统的框架过程。 基于对制度行为的效果评估,本文建构了较为广泛的新闻制度分析框架,将新闻制度与整体社会制度之间的互动关系一起纳入影响话语权建构这一社会行为结果的影响因素分析的概念框架中,用以评估新闻制度的有效性,同时也解释了新闻制度的社会权力关系对制度行为的影响。 中西方新闻制度的差异,究其根源是中西方新闻制度理论原则的根本差异。在中西方对外传播话语权制度建构的发展历程中,中西方新闻制度的原则差异决定了其话语建构过程和结果的根本差异,其中话语冲突是政治制度根本差异的最显著符号表征。对新闻事件和新闻话语的接近是制度权力话语再现的主要元素,本文通过对中美两国对外传播媒体的新闻话语分析验证了中西方社会制度优先权力顺序的差异以及权力垄断程度和媒介文化的不同。 中西方对外传播话语权建构差异的制度影响因素主要来自新闻的社会制度权力关系模式的差异,它导致了新闻制度权力的制度偏好与差异,其中政治制度和经济制度对新闻话语生产功能的促进和抑制是话语建构差异的最显著制度影响因素。通过对中美两国媒体的政治话语进行内容分析,本文系统证明了经济驱动型的美国新闻制度与政治驱动型的中国新闻制度在新闻话语基调和新闻图式使用中呈现的显著差异。商业化的汹涌浪潮正在逐渐消减中西方国家的经济差距,对外传播中的新闻话语功能也呈现国际融合的趋势,然而受政治制度影响的中西方新闻话语框架差异却几乎未曾改变。 对外传播话语权的制度建构是新闻制度对话语生产的专业化和制度化建构过程。按照社会结构二重性的观点,建构中国标准的新闻专业化权力即新闻知识系统的制度化,以及从国家介入的角度,建立更具制度分配优势的话语传播新机制,将是我国媒体在激烈竞争的国际传播中提升对外传播话语权的制度优化路径。
[Abstract]:The contemporary society is composed of several competing order system and semi autonomous system. Is a kind of power relation, social system function embodied in the exercise of power. The news system because the system characteristics of the "social media" and become the social conflict and interaction system of the whole platform. In the explanation of social behavior of news system the results, on the one hand to produce independent institutional efficiency considerations news institution itself, but also the interaction between the social system and environmental factors have priority evaluated explanatory power enough.
The social system will affect the power factor of news system behavior results mainly summarized as the national political system, economic system and social culture system. The three elements of the news system and other social systems (mainly the political and economic system) and the power relations between the power factor of the news itself will help institutionalized in news discourse form the plastic process and results.
External communication discourse is the result of the construction of national discourse in news discourse. The system construction is in a specific institutional context that social power relations in the news system, through the discourse construction to exercise their power system, the construction process of the social reality. The process of constructing discourse system is a system (power) by discourse (symbolic power construction) social imagination and social identity, and through the system, the implementation of occupation and integration, and ultimately the process of the construction of social reality. News discourse system is the implementation of the construction process, and it is also one of the decisive factors of discourse construction construction results
The social system of the exercise of power refers to the power relations through the construction of social reality to realize the social life of "universal", an exercise of power by using power system to construct the "universal truth" and the framework of social behavior. The so-called "universal truth", which means the social power of the "knowledge" is the social system framework, the holders of power (nation or group) to construct a set of standards and norms, social communication system for people to use. In the social system in a particular situation, discourse practice power mode to form the formal "knowledge" system, news system is a knowledge system in the construction of media system is also the knowledge of the construction process of discourse it is the frame of knowledge system.
Evaluation on system behavior based on the construction of a relatively wide range of news system analysis framework, the interaction between news system and overall social system together into the conceptual framework to analyze influencing factors of discourse construction of the social behavior results in the effectiveness evaluation system of the news, but also explained. The news system of social power relations of the system behavior.
The differences between Chinese and Western news system, the reason is the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western news system theory principle. The development process of construction of Western foreign media discourse right in the principle, the differences between Chinese and Western news system determines the fundamental differences in the discourse construction process and results, which is the most significant Conflict Discourse symbols of political system fundamental differences. Close to news events and news discourse is the main element of the system of power discourse representation, based on news discourse analysis of the two countries foreign media to verify the social system of Western power and power order of priority between monopoly and media culture.
In the dissemination of Western foreign construction of institutional factors were mainly from news relationship model of social power system differences, which led to the preference system news system power and differences, the political and economic system of news discourse production function promotion and inhibition is the most significant factor affecting the system difference. The content of discourse construction through the analysis of political discourse of Chinese and American media, this paper proved the significant difference of economy driven by U.S. News and political system driven China news system in news discourse and tone news schema is used. The commercial tide is gradually reducing the economic gap in western countries, the news discourse function in external communication the present international integration trend, but in the Western news discourse frame difference by the political system has almost no influence Once changed.
The construction of external communication discourse system is a specialized and systematic construction of news discourse production system. According to the duality of social structure point of view, the system of news professional power construction China standard: news of knowledge system, and from the angle of state intervention, establishing a more dominant discourse system of the distribution of the spread of new mechanism. Is the system path optimization of China's media to promote international communication discourse in the international media in the fierce competition.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G206
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本文编号：1364185