台湾参与式规划设计的经验研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:11

本文关键词： 参与式规划设计台湾经验研究　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文首先通过对传统程序理性规划的发展与批判回顾了参与式规划设计出现的背景。台湾的参与式规划设计，也在同样的脉络下进行了持续的实践探索，积累了大量的正面或反面经验。由此引出研究问题。第二章通过文献综述、分析既有研究发现，参与式规划设计可以引起较好的社会效果，成为大家推广、赞成参与式规划设计的理由；相反的，如果参与的过程中采用了不合适的或形式化、民粹的参与方式，也会引起相应的负面效应与问题危机。第三章回顾了台湾的参与式规划设计的整体发展脉络并指出：在推行社区总体营造制度二十年后的今天，台湾的“参与”深入人心，具有相当积极的社会意义；但与此同时也确实面临着“形式化”的参与等情况对参与式规划设计造成危机与挑战。通过第二、第三章的讨论本文形成了核心的发问：怎样的参与式规划设计过程可以避免流于形式化、民粹的问题，以达到良好的社会效果？为回答这个问题，第四章选择了三个没有流于形式化、民粹参与过程的规划设计案例——后竹围公园参与式规划设计案、宜兰思源机堡案、宝藏岩聚落保存案进行分析与整理。通过对比分析可以发现，虽然三个案例处于不同历史时期、具有不同的操作模式，但都在参与的过程中产生了积极的社会影响。在三个案例诸多的不同背后有很多相似点，这些相似点是否就是可以避免形式化与民粹危机的好参与式规划设计的共通之处？文章总结部分指出，参与式规划设计，是在特定的社会文化、政治经济的发展环境下形成的，一些相应的空间政策作为“参与”背景机制对其有相当的支持作用。但是，参与的良好社会效果，以及在实践中避免形式化与民粹的参与危机，并不单是通过常见的举行公听会或规划说明会；不只是专业者做好设计方案然后组织公众参与提意见或投票；更不仅仅是专业者发问卷、做访谈、与居民聊天了解居民诉求而讨论产生规划设计方案。在台湾经验中，空间专业者需要有开放的态度，在与居民的互动中进行社会分析、洞察结构性因素、整合各方面诉求、坚持专业者的核心价值、适时的提供专业技术，将参与式规划设计放在一个时间向度下思考、采用“议程式”的操作模式；另一方面是，，需要了解空间使用者为什么会来参与，与居民真正相关的不是“参与”而是他们的生活，那么什么才是和他们的生活相关的?“好”的参与式规划设计其实并没有固定的方式方法或手段，重要的是找到居民的关切点，通过运用各种活动、各种参与的途径，将“参与”融入到居民的日常生活之中，使得空间生产的环节亦成为居民日常生活、空间实践的一部分，对空间产生主体认同。这个参与的过程不仅缩小了所谓的“专业”与居民之间的距离，让专业知识与在地知识能够相互连结，而且参与者可以感受到其个人的主体价值，能够有一种其有能力、有权力去参与的想法，从而可以建构其社会人的主体性。反观我们面临的现实，中国所具有的特殊历史背景与社会脉络虽然使得台湾的经验不可能全盘复制；但是，海峡两岸一脉相承的社会文化背景，可能让我们未来达到某一发展阶段时，在完善社会、文化以及城乡规划建设的制度设计及国民意识启蒙中，台湾的这些政策制度，避免形式化参与的核心价值理念与思考模式仍然具有积极的借鉴意义。最后，文章将参与式规划设计回归到空间认识论的延伸探讨，从空间认识论的角度进一步对传统规划、参与式规划设计所体现的认识论进行差异辨析。正是因为空间认识论的差异，导致了规划或参与实践中所持的态度和所采用的方式方法皆有不同。这也揭示了，为什么传统规划中的参与与一些参与式规划设计难免产生流于形式化、民粹的问题。因此，我们除了在方法论的层面上需要思考如何做好参与式规划设计，更需要将参与回归到一种价值取向上，深入的思考做参与的根本政经目标，做参与是想在既有的社会运作逻辑体系下维护、巩固与改良体制，还是希望认清当前社会运作的结构性问题，从而推进社会的发展与转变?
[Abstract]:Firstly, through the development and criticism of the traditional procedure of the rational planning review of participation type planning and design planning and design background. Type in Taiwan, also explored the continuing practice in the same context, the accumulation of a large number of positive or negative experience. This leads to the research question.
The second chapter through literature review, analysis of the existing research findings, participatory planning and design can lead to good social effect, become a promotion, in favor of participatory planning and design reasons; on the contrary, if the participation process used in an inappropriate or formal, populist participation, will cause the negative effects of the crisis the corresponding problems. The third chapter reviews Taiwan's participation in the overall development planning design and pointed out: in the implementation of community building system twenty years later, Taiwan's "participation" in the hearts of the people, has a positive social significance; but at the same time also is facing a "formal" participation caused by crisis with the challenge of participatory planning and design. By second, the third chapter of this paper discusses the questions: how to form the core of the participatory planning process can avoid formality , populist problem, in order to achieve good social effect?
To answer this question, the fourth chapter chooses three no formality, populist planning cases in the process, after the bamboo park participatory planning and design case, Yilan Bao Siyuan machine case, treasurehill preservation case analysis and consolidation. Through comparative analysis can be found, although three cases in different historical periods that has a different mode of operation, but in the process of participation has a positive impact on society. There are many similarities in the three different cases behind many of these similarities, whether it is formal and can avoid populist crisis well participatory planning and design in common?
This article pointed out that the participatory planning and design, in particular social and cultural environment, the formation and development of the political economy of some space policy as "participation" in support of a background mechanism on it. However, the good social effect of participation, and in practice to avoid formal and populist in the crisis, not only is the common held public hearings or planning seminars; not only professionals do design and organization of public participation in the comments or voting; more than just professional questionnaire, interview, and understand the demands of the residents and residents chat discussion in Taiwan. Planning and design experience, professional space need to have an open attitude, social analysis in the interaction with the residents, insight into the structural factors, the integration of various demands, adhere to the core values of professional, timely provide professional Technology, will participate in the planning design thinking to a degree at a time, using the "discussion program" operation mode; on the other hand, need to understand why space users to participate in, and the residents "participation" is not really relevant but their lives, what is life and their related? "Good" participatory planning and design is not fixed way or means, it is important to find the residents concerns, through the use of a variety of activities, ways of participation, "participation" into the daily life of the residents in the spatial aspect of production has become a part of the daily life of residents. Practice, subject to the identity space. The process involved not only reduced between the so-called "professional" and residents of the distance, let the professional knowledge can be mutually connected with the knowledge, and the participants The subjective value of the individual can be felt, and it can have the idea that it has the ability and power to participate, which can construct the subjectivity of its social person.
In contrast, we are faced with the reality of the special historical background and social context of Chinese although that Taiwan's experience can't be copied; however, both sides of the strait the same social and cultural background, the future may allow us to reach a certain stage of development, in the social, cultural and urban planning and construction of the system design and the national consciousness of enlightenment these policies, Taiwan system, avoid still have the positive significance of core value concept and thinking mode of formal participation.
Finally, the article will return to the space planning and design Participatory epistemology extension study, from the perspective of epistemology further space of traditional planning, participation reflected type of planning and design theory of difference analysis. It is because the space epistemological differences, lead or participate in the practice of planning method in attitude and way the are different. It also reveals why the traditional, in the planning and participatory planning and design will inevitably produce a mere formality, populist problems. Therefore, we in addition to the methodological level the need to think about how to do the participatory planning and design, will be more involved in returning to a value orientation need further, the reflection of fundamental political and economic goals of participation, participation in do is to maintain the existing social operation logic system, consolidate and improve the system, or to understand the current social operation. The construction of the problem, thus promoting the development and transformation of the society?

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.2

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