威尔逊时期美国对阿根廷政策（1913-1921）

发布时间：2018-02-28 16:01

本文关键词： 威尔逊泛美主义美国对阿根廷政策美国阿根廷关系　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伍德罗·威尔逊(Woodrow Wilson)从1913年起就任美国总统,1921年离任。在他入主白宫的八年间,美国在其“理想主义”思想的指导下展开了一系列的外交行动。在拉丁美洲,威尔逊上台伊始就提出了建立美洲政治经济区域一体化的泛美主义,实际上是对门罗主义和美国前国务卿布莱恩的泛美主义的继承与发展,目的是排挤拉美地区的欧洲势力,实现美国的经济扩张。然而一战的爆发与美国的参战打乱了威尔逊泛美主义计划。随后美国便将对外政策的重点转移到了欧洲,对于拉美则是以加大贸易投资与拉拢拉美国家加入协约国对抗同盟国为主。而此时的阿根廷是拉丁美洲不可忽略的政治力量,特别是自阿根廷激进党领袖伊里戈延上台后,其民族主义政策更使美国如鲠在喉,也经常成为威尔逊泛美主义的羁绊。因此美国对阿根廷的政策成为美国对南美洲政策甚至是对整个拉美政策的重点。本文主要在威尔逊泛美主义与一战的背景下,以威尔逊政府对阿根廷政策为主线,通过梳理美国对阿根廷政策的内容、总结影响美国对阿根廷政策的因素以及这一时期美阿关系演变的过程,以探究威尔逊外交政策的实质。通过对威尔逊时期美国对阿根廷政策得研究,可以得出以下结论:威尔逊提出以建立拉丁美洲政治经济区域一体化为核心内容的泛美主义,是基于美国国家利益的现实考虑,其根本目的就是排挤欧洲势力,将拉丁美洲收入囊中,使美国居于西半球事务的主导,建立美国治下西半球的和平。然而此时的美国还没有强大到使整个拉丁美洲对其俯首称臣,南美国家特别是阿根廷时刻都在警惕和抵制着美国的西半球霸权,因此美国对阿根廷的政策将直接影响威尔逊泛美主义构想的成败。同时,一战的爆发与美国的参战深刻地影响着美国与阿根廷乃至整个拉丁美洲的关系,也影响着美国对阿根廷政策的具体内容与结果。总得来说,威尔逊泛美主义尽管取得了一定的成就,但是仍然达到预期的目标,而美国对阿根廷政策也必然因此而困难重重。
[Abstract]:Woodrow Wilson became President of the United States on 1913 and left office in 1921. During his eight years in the White House, the United States carried out a series of diplomatic actions under the guidance of his "idealistic" ideology. When Wilson came to power, he proposed the establishment of the Pan American doctrine of regional integration of politics and economy in the Americas. In fact, it was an inheritance and development of the Monroe Doctrine and the Pan American Doctrine of former Secretary of State Brian, with the aim of crowding out the European forces in Latin America. But the outbreak of World War I and the United States' engagement in the war disrupted Wilson's Pan American plan. Then the United States shifted the focus of its foreign policy to Europe. For Latin America, it is mainly to increase trade and investment and to attract Latin American countries to join the allies against the allies. At this time, Argentina is a political force that cannot be ignored in Latin America, especially since Irigoyen, the leader of the Argentine radical Party, came to power. Its nationalist policies have made the United States a lump in its throat. Therefore, the policy of the United States towards Argentina has become the focus of the policy of the United States towards South America and even to the whole of Latin America. This article is mainly in the context of Wilson's Pan am doctrine and World War I. Taking Wilson's policy towards Argentina as the main line, through combing the content of American policy towards Argentina, the paper summarizes the factors that influence the policy of the United States towards Argentina and the process of the evolution of US-Arab relations during this period. In order to explore the essence of Wilson's foreign policy. By studying the policy of the United States towards Argentina during Wilson's time, we can draw the following conclusion: Wilson proposed the establishment of regional integration of Latin American politics and economy as the core content of the Pan American doctrine, It is based on the realistic considerations of the national interest of the United States. Its fundamental purpose is to squeeze out European forces, to capture Latin America, and to make the United States dominate the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. Establishing peace in the Western Hemisphere under the United States. However, at this time the United States was not strong enough to make the whole of Latin America bow down to it, and the South American countries, especially Argentina, were always wary of and resisted the Western Hemisphere hegemony of the United States. Therefore, the policy of the United States towards Argentina will directly affect the success or failure of Wilson's idea of Pan am. At the same time, the outbreak of World War I and the United States' participation in the war have a profound impact on the relations between the United States and Argentina, as well as Latin America as a whole. It also affects the concrete content and result of American policy towards Argentina. In general, Wilson's Pan American doctrine, despite its achievements, still achieves the expected goal, and the United States' policy towards Argentina is bound to be beset by difficulties.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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