《盐铁论》引用研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 15:34

  本文选题：《盐铁论》　切入点：引事　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《盐铁论》是汉昭帝时庐江太守桓宽就原有关于盐铁会议的记录整理编次而成的政论性著作。它是对话体,记载了当时对汉武帝时期的政治、经济、军事、外交、文化等的一次大辩论。里面广征博引,所涉及到的时期从先秦之前至秦汉无一不包。既有传说故事、寓言故事和历史史实,也有先秦诸子及其他著作言语,内容丰富多彩,可谓一部精彩的“对话体历史小说”。就目前的研究来看,关于《盐铁论》引用方面的研究主要集中在引书用书,而引事等其他方面几乎没有涉及。本文采用刘勰《文心雕龙》对“事类”(即引用)的分类,分为引事和引辞。本文引事的“事”主要指《盐铁论》涉及到的从先秦之前到秦的传说故事、寓言故事和历史史实。引辞的“辞”主要是《盐铁论》所涉及到的先秦之前到秦的先秦诸子及其他著作的言语,可以是原话,也可以是对原话稍加变形,或者援引大意。鉴于以上情况,本文从以下四个部分入手:第一部分梳理、归整《盐铁论》文本引事内容。《盐铁论》引事内容丰富且庞杂,如果件件历数故事,就会缺少逻辑且很难统计。所以本文选取从人物所处的时期和国别来进行分类,来统计人物出现次数,并归纳人物故事。文本分别从传说时代、夏商周时期、春秋战国时期和秦朝四个分期对人物进行分类,涉及到的人物故事主要包括传说故事、寓言故事和历史故事等。春秋战国涉及人物众多,又可以通过国别进行分类,穷尽性地统计人物出现的次数,并归纳人物故事的内容,来探究《盐铁论》丰富的引事内容,提供一定的文献价值。第二部分梳理、归整《盐铁论》文本引辞内容。这一部分主要研究先秦诸子以及其他著作中出现的言语,分为明引和暗引两类。明引又可以分为言说动词类和书(篇)名类。《盐铁论》暗引情况比较复杂,所以本人以两句或者两句以上的句子为研究语料,来统计暗引数据,而以词、短语等镶嵌在一句话中的材料不在本文研究范围内。因为汉代化用典籍材料比较多,所以暗引根据不同的情况又可以分为原文援引、换词援引、大意援引、补充援引、增词援引、省略援引、加减援引和重组援引等八类。通过对《盐铁论》引辞分析,可以了解西汉典籍的使用情况,也可以利用现有文献材料来去伪存真、辨别研究文献材料。第三部分通过前两章对《盐铁论》引用文本的分析,来归纳引用特色。这一部分可以分为引事特色和引辞特色。引事特色主要从三个方面来讲:一是引事的丰富性和情感的倾向性;二是语言标记用于衔接引事内容,这些标记后面往往直接加传说故事、历史故事或风俗习惯等内容,可分为时间词标记和连词标记。时间标记主要有“昔、昔者”,“古、古者”和“……之时”;连词标记主要有“是以”、“故”和“此……也”;三是引用与其他修辞手法的兼用,主要是引用和对比、排比、对偶的兼用。从这三个方面分析《盐铁论》引事文本的独特之处。引辞特色主要有从四个方面来讲:一是引辞来源的多样性,既有儒家经典,又有法家经典,还有史书兵书等,来源十分丰富;二是引辞类型的丰富性,无论是明引还是暗引,都可以分成不同的类型;三是引辞模式的独特性,主要有三种情况:一种是既列举传说故事或者历史故事,又引诸子言辞或者其他著作言辞,然后由前面论据衍生出自己的观点,即“引事+引辞+观点”型;一种是先引诸子言辞或者其他著作言辞作为论据,然后由此衍生出自己的观点,即“引辞+观点”型;一种是先说出自己的观点,然后用诸子言辞或者其他著作言辞作为证明,即“观点+引辞”型。四是引辞作用的突出性,主要有三个突出作用:对比、强化和定论。从以上四个方面分析《盐铁论》引辞的来源、类型、模式、作用的特色。第四部分《盐铁论》引用的修辞动因,分别从语言动因、社会动因和心理动因三个方面进行研究。语言动因,根据《盐铁论》引用状况,借助模因论相关理论进行阐释。引用属于模因的一种,主要通过重复和类推两种方式产生和发展;社会动因,根据《盐铁论》产生的时代背景,分别从社会变革和社会风气两大方面谈两者对引用内容的影响;语言离不来心理,引用也受到心理方面的影响,心理动因主要有三个方面体现:信仰权威,辩驳增力;以古论今,引起共鸣;引经尊圣,显示才学。从以上分析,力图较客观、全面地分析《盐铁论》的修辞动因。
[Abstract]:< > Yantielun is the Emperor Han Zhao Huan Kuan is the original Lujiang Prefecture about the meeting record of salt and political work. It is a dialogue, recorded at the time of the Han Dynasty period of political, economic, military, diplomatic, cultural and other a great debate. Inside the citation. Involved in the period from Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty before a package. Both legends, fables and historical facts, there are pre Qin and other works of speech, rich and colorful content, is a wonderful "dialogue history fiction". The presentresearch in Yantielun < > reference the research mainly concentrated in the cited books, and other things are seldom. This thesis adopts Liu Xie < > on the "thing" Wenxindiaolong (i.e. reference) classification, divided into Yin Shi and resignation. This paper cited the thing "thing" mainly refers to the Yantielun involved < > from the pre Qin period the Prior to the Qin legends, fables and historical facts. Resignation before the "speech" is mainly involved in Yantielun < > of the pre Qin Dynasty to the pre Qin Qin and other works of words can be said, can also be said to little deformation, or as the effect. In view of the above situation, this article from the the following four parts: the first part of the comb, warping < Yantielun > text content. It cited Yantielun quoted something rich and complex, if the piece will enumerate the story, lack of logic and difficult to statistics. So this paper selects from the characters of the period and country classification, Frequency Statistics figures the characters in the story. The text summarized respectively from the legend era, Xia and Shang Dynasties, spring and autumn and Warring States period and Qin four stages to classify the characters, the story involves characters including legends, fables and historical stories in the spring and autumn. The Warring States involves many characters, and can be classified by country Statistics figures exhaustive number of occurrences, and summarized the characters of the story, to explore the content of lead. < Yantielun > rich, provides certain literature value. The second part combs, warping < Yantielun > text cited speech content. This part the main research works in the pre Qin and other words, divided into Ming and dark. Two lead lead lead Ming can be divided into speech verbs and books (articles). The name of Yantielun > black lead is more complex, so I take two or two more sentences as the research corpus, statistics cited dark the data, but in terms of phrases, inlaid materials in a sentence is not included in this study. Because the Han Dynasty used books material more, so the dark cited according to different situations and can be divided into the original quoted words, quoted, careless quoted, citing supplement, Epexegesis quoted, cited and quoted ellipsis, and quoted the restructuring and other eight categories. By introducing the speech analysis of Yantielun < >, can understand the use of the Western Han Dynasty classics, also can use the existing literature material and true, identification of literature materials. The third part through the first two chapters of "salt iron theory > quoted text analysis, to summarize the reference features. This part can be divided into Yin Shi characteristics and resignation characteristics. Cited characteristics mainly include three aspects: one is the tendency of the rich and emotional things lead; two is a markup language for connecting things lead content, these surfaces are usually directly labeled tales. History or custom content, can be divided into time markers and conjunctions markers. Time markers are" in the "," ancient, ancient "and". The "main" mark; conjunction with "," reason "and". This is a reference to its three "; 浠栦慨杈炴墜娉曠殑鍏肩敤,涓昏�佹槸寮曠敤鍜屽�规瘮,鎺掓瘮,瀵瑰伓鐨勫吋鐢，

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