山东地区会馆研究（1660-1950）

发布时间：2018-03-17 00:17

本文选题：山东　切入点：会馆　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：会馆是产生于明清之际的社会组织,有关于会馆的定义历来众说纷纭。一说,会馆是单纯的同乡性组织；一说,会馆是商业资本的组织。从会馆的产生缘由来看,同乡性占主导地位,.而在会馆的发展过程中,行业性特征则越来越明显。因而会馆是融同乡性、行业性为一体的社会组织,它适应社会的变迁而产生,在内部结构调整的同时,对外也在进行不断地整合。山东位于中国东部,北濒渤海,东临黄海,是京杭大运河的必经之路,其四季分明,经济基础较好,因而历来为商人所重视。明清时期的“一条鞭法”、“摊丁入亩”等赋役政策的变革,又进一步促进了人口流动,南来北往的商人纷纷来此经商。清中叶以后,山东地区的会馆如雨后春笋般建立起来,其中有来自西北的山陕会馆,也有来自长江流域的浙闽会馆、苏州会馆、江西会馆,还有来自珠江流域的广东会馆等。从会馆的构成看,主要有行业会馆、工商会馆、移民会馆等。从功能性角度来说,会馆在建成后通过各种方式参与到市场运作中来,与政府的互动也日益频繁,这些都说明会馆作为非官方协调管理的基层组织,发挥着它的社会、经济、文化功能。从历时性角度来说,会馆这一传统的社会组织,在近代社会的发展变化中,有的衰落了,有的成为了单纯的同乡组织,有的向商会转化,有的则成为了近代政治活动的场所。从十七世纪中期会馆在山东兴起,直到二十世纪中期退出历史舞台,会馆在山东的历史上存续了约300年的时间。在这期间里,会馆拉动了山东经济的发展,促进了不同阶层、不同地域间的文化往来。在发展过程中,士绅文化与平民文化不断融合,内陆文化与沿海文化不断交流,中国文化与海外文化在此碰撞。山东地区的会馆,本身就是一个文化符号,它的产生、发展、变化、衰落,反映了山东政治、经济、文化的发展与走向。
[Abstract]:The guild hall is a social organization born in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are different opinions about the definition of the clubhouse. One says that the clubhouse is a purely homegrown organization; the other is that the guild is an organization of commercial capital. Judging from the origin of the guild, In the course of the development of the clubhouse, the characteristics of industry are becoming more and more obvious. As a result, the guild hall is a social organization integrated with the nature of the same country and industry, and it adapts to the changes of society and at the same time adjusts the internal structure. Shandong is located in eastern China, bordering the Bohai Sea in the north and Huang Hai in the east. It is the only road for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It has four distinct seasons and a sound economic base. As a result, merchants have always attached importance to it. The reform of the tax policy of the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as the "one whip law" and the "spreading into mu", further promoted population mobility, and businessmen from the south to the north came to do business here one after another. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, The clubhouses in Shandong have sprung up like bamboo shoots. Among them are the Shanshan Guild from the Northwest, the Zhejiang and Fujian Guilds from the Yangtze River Basin, the Suzhou Guild Hall, and the Jiangxi Guild Hall. There is also the Guangdong Guild Hall from the Pearl River Basin. From the composition of the Guild Hall, there are mainly the Trade Guild, the Industry and Commerce Guild, the Immigration Guild, and so on. From a functional point of view, the Guild will participate in the operation of the market through various means after its completion. Interaction with the government is also becoming more and more frequent, which shows that the Guildhall, as a grass-roots organization that is not officially coordinated and managed, plays its social, economic, and cultural functions. From a diachronic point of view, the Guildhall is a traditional social organization. In the course of the development and changes of modern society, some have declined, some have become simple townships, some have transformed into chambers of commerce, and some have become places of modern political activities. Until the middle of 20th century, when it withdrew from the historical stage, the Guild Hall lasted about 300 years in the history of Shandong. During this period, the Guild Hall stimulated the development of Shandong's economy and promoted different classes. Cultural exchanges between different regions. In the process of development, gentry culture and civilian culture continuously merged, inland culture and coastal culture continued to exchange, Chinese culture and overseas culture collided here. Its emergence, development, change and decline reflect the development and trend of politics, economy and culture in Shandong.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K29

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