明初（1368-1424年）北直隶地区移民研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 15:38

本文选题：明初(1368-1424年) + 北直隶　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人是历史活动的直接参与者,人口的变迁在一定程度上影响着一地区政治、经济、文化的发展水平。人口的迁移也是政府推动或民众自发的一种有目的性社会行为。在中国历史上,移民活动时有发生,既有西晋永嘉南渡、唐安史之乱后人口南迁、北宋靖康之难时人口南迁等都是在战乱时期民众自发的避乱而进行的迁徙,也有汉初关东六国贵族实关中、少数民族内迁等政府组织的移民活动。明初大移民是继宋元时期人口南迁之后又一次大规模的移民运动。与以往经历战乱后民众自发迁徙不同的是,这一次的移民活动是由明政府直接组织,规模涉及数百万人口,时间跨度五十余年。明初北直隶移民就是明初大移民的一部分。历经元末明初一系列战乱后,明初北直隶地区政治、经济、文化等方面均面临着重建问题。这些问题的解决都需要人口为前提。基于此,明政府从山西、山东以及南方数省组织超百万人口迁至北直隶。超百万人口迁入北直隶后,对当地政治、经济、文化等方面产生了深远影响。及至今日,这种影响仍然存在。本文的研究主要包括三个部分:第一部分是分析明初北直隶人口损耗与移民可行性。该部分从战乱、灾害、人口迁出地与迁入地对比、政府支持等方面进行研究,明初北直隶存在移民的可行性和必要性。第二部分是对移民来源与分布具体论述。在对文献史料、地方志等传统资料分析的基础上,增加了对出土墓志铭的解读,进而探明移民来源及分布等具体史实。第三部分是对移民所带来的影响进行研究。探究移民在北直隶地区政治稳定、巩固防卫、增加人口、恢复经济、发展文化以及缓解移民迁出的人口压力等方面所带来的积极影响;当然大规模人口的进入也对当地造成了一定的负面效应,影响了当地的生态环境、造成了新的人地矛盾。最后,结语是对全作一个总结,明初北直隶地区移民是一件影响深远的历史事件,其积极作用远大于消极影响。
[Abstract]:Human being is a direct participant in historical activities, and the change of population influences the level of political, economic and cultural development of a region to a certain extent.Population migration is also a kind of purposeful social behavior promoted by the government or initiated by the people.In the history of China, immigration activities have occurred from time to time. Both the Yongjia Nandu in the Western Jin Dynasty, the southward migration of the population after the Tang An-Shi Rebellion, and the southward migration of the population in the Northern Song Dynasty when Jingkang was in difficulty were all spontaneous migrations of the people during the war period.There are also the early Han Dynasty Guandong six aristocrats in Guanzhong, internal migration of ethnic minorities and other government-organized immigration activities.In the early Ming Dynasty, the great emigration was another large-scale migration movement after the southward migration in the Song and Yuan dynasties.Different from the spontaneous migration of the people after the war this time the migration was organized directly by the Ming government and involved millions of people for more than 50 years.In the early Ming Dynasty, the immigrants from North Zhili were part of the great immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty.After a series of wars in the late Yuan and the early Ming Dynasty, the political, economic and cultural aspects of the Northern Zhili region in the early Ming Dynasty were faced with reconstruction problems.The solution to these problems requires population as a prerequisite.Based on this, the Ming government from Shanxi, Shandong and southern provinces to organize more than a million people to North Zhili.More than one million people moved to North Zhili, which had a profound influence on local politics, economy, culture and so on.To this day, this kind of influence still exists.This paper mainly includes three parts: the first part is to analyze the population loss and the feasibility of emigration in North Zhili in the early Ming Dynasty.In this part, the feasibility and necessity of emigration in North Zhili in the early Ming Dynasty were studied from the aspects of war, disaster, population migration and immigration, government support and so on.The second part discusses the origin and distribution of immigrants.Based on the analysis of the historical documents and local chronicles, the author adds the interpretation of the unearthed epitaph, and then finds out the specific historical facts, such as the origin and distribution of the immigrants.The third part is to study the impact of immigration.To explore the positive effects of immigrants in the political stability, the consolidation of defense, the increase of population, the recovery of economy, the development of culture and the relief of the population pressure of emigration in North Zhili;Of course, the entry of large-scale population also caused some negative effects on the local, affected the local ecological environment, and caused a new contradiction between people and land.Finally, the conclusion is a summary of the whole. In the early Ming Dynasty, the immigration in North Zhili was a far-reaching historical event, and its positive effect was far greater than the negative one.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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