《商君书》词汇与文化研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 13:51

本文选题：《商君书》词汇 + 文化　；参考：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言与社会发展的关系密不可分。社会的发展变化必然会在语言中留下印迹，通过语言的变化亦可以折射出社会的发展，即社会影响语言，语言反映社会。而在语言的词汇、语音、语法三个部门中，，词汇对于社会的变化最为敏感，透过词汇变化能较为准确地捕捉到社会的发展状况。《商君书》是商鞅及其后学遗著的合编，大致成书于战国末期。从汉语词汇史研究角度来看，这一时期属于上古中期词汇史；从传统历史学研究角度来看，这一时期经历了中国历史上奴隶制过渡到封建制的社会大变革。在这一时期，语言中涌现了一大批与社会生产生活相关的词汇。本论文主要从政治、经济、军事三个方面来研究《商君书》词汇的发展变化，并透过词汇的变化深入探讨它所折射出秦国当时的政治、经济、军事状况。正文共有五部分。第一部分：绪论。简要介绍《商君书》的作者、成书年代、版本、注释，以及《商君书》的研究综述和该论文的研究方法与意义等内容。在《商君书》历史研究领域，将它的词汇与文化相结合进行深入解读尚属空白，此论文具有较高的研究价值。第二部分：《商君书》政治词汇与文化研究。这部分内容首要介绍秦国的政治状况以及商鞅变法的时代背景，后从社会阶级词汇、职官名称词汇、户籍制度词汇、政治区域词汇等几个方面来探讨秦国的政治，最后归纳出政治词汇的继承与发展情况。我们可以看出秦国是一个政治等级森严、管理制度相对完善的君主专制国家。这一部分词汇多是继承前代，但仍出现了少量的新词，当然亦有不少词汇的词义发生了变化。第三部分：《商君书》经济词汇与文化研究。这部分内容首要介绍秦国当时的经济面貌，然后分别从农业词汇、商业词汇、税收词汇、度量词汇、冶铸业词汇、畜牧业词汇等几个方面较为详细的展现秦国当时的经济发展状况，最后归纳出该部分词汇的继承与发展情况。从中可以看出，秦国的经济全面兴盛，门类齐全，在当时属于经济强国。词汇方面也以继承前代词汇为主。第四部分：《商君书》军事词汇与文化研究。首要介绍秦国军事实力及其所处的时代背景，后分别从军事人员名称词汇、武器和军用物资词汇、攻战词汇、军事刑罚制度词汇等几个方面来阐述秦国的军事状况，最后归纳出军事词汇的继承与发展情况。从中可以看出，秦国的军队管理制度严格、武器设备先进、作战方法科学。词汇仍然以继承前代为主，出现了少量的新词。第五部分：结语。该部分主要对本论文所做研究进一步总结，归纳出《商君书》的词汇随着社会发展所呈现的变化特点，例如大量继承前代的词汇、词义随着社会发展发生了改变。结语最后也指出了论文的不足之处,如理论素养不高，有的词汇分析不够深入等等。
[Abstract]:The relationship between language and social development is inextricably linked. The development and change of society will inevitably leave imprint in language. Through the change of language, it can also reflect the development of society, that is, social influence language, language reflects society. Among the three departments of language vocabulary, phonetics and grammar, vocabulary is the most sensitive to social changes, and the development of society can be captured more accurately through lexical changes. The book was written at the end of the warring States period. From the perspective of the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary, this period belongs to the history of vocabulary in the middle period of ancient times. From the perspective of traditional historical studies, this period has undergone a great social transformation from slavery to feudalism in the history of China. During this period, a large number of words related to social production and life emerged in the language. This paper mainly studies the development and change of Shang Jun Shu from three aspects of politics, economy and military affairs, and through the change of words, it deeply discusses the political, economic and military situation of Qin Dynasty at that time. There are five parts in the text. Part one: introduction. This paper briefly introduces the author, the date of the book, the edition, the annotation, the summary of the research, the research methods and the significance of the paper. In the field of historical study of Shang Jun Book, it is still blank to combine its vocabulary with culture, and this paper has high research value. The second part: the study of political vocabulary and culture. This part mainly introduces the political situation of Qin and the background of Shang Yang's reform, and then discusses Qin's politics from the following aspects: social class vocabulary, official name vocabulary, household registration system vocabulary, political region vocabulary, etc. Finally, the inheritance and development of political vocabulary are summarized. We can see that Qin is a autocratic monarchy with strict political hierarchy and relatively perfect management system. This part of vocabulary is inherited from the previous generation, but there are still a small number of new words, of course, there are many words have changed the meaning of words. The third part: the study of economic vocabulary and culture. This part mainly introduces the economic outlook of Qin State at that time, and then from the agricultural vocabulary, the business vocabulary, the tax vocabulary, the measurement vocabulary, the metallurgical industry vocabulary, respectively, Several aspects, such as animal husbandry vocabulary, showed the economic development of Qin State in detail, and finally concluded the inheritance and development of this part of the vocabulary. From this we can see that the economy of Qin was prosperous and varied, and it was a powerful economic country at that time. Vocabulary is also inherited from the previous generation of vocabulary. The fourth part: the study of military vocabulary and culture. It mainly introduces the military strength of Qin and its background of the times, and then expounds the military situation of Qin from several aspects, such as the name of military personnel, the vocabulary of weapon and military material, the vocabulary of attack and war, the vocabulary of military penalty system, and so on. Finally, the inheritance and development of military vocabulary are summarized. From this, we can see that Qin's military management system is strict, advanced weapons and equipment, and scientific combat methods. Vocabulary is still inherited from the previous generation, there are a small number of new words. Part V: conclusion. In this part, the author summarizes the research in this thesis, and concludes the changing characteristics of the words of Shang Jun Book with the development of society, such as a large number of words inherited from the previous generation, and the meaning of words changed with the development of the society. Finally, the conclusion points out the shortcomings of the thesis, such as theoretical literacy is not high, some vocabulary analysis is not deep enough and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H131

【参考文献】