朝鲜对清贸易中的违禁物品

发布时间：2018-04-25 15:52

本文选题：中朝贸易 + 违禁物品　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：有清一代,朝鲜对清贸易虽大体依明例,但仍有很多其独特性存在。大体上说,朝鲜对贸易的态度经历了由政治导向、被动消极贸易,到经济利益驱使、大力支持换贸,再到依政治、经济利益需求适时不断调整贸易政策及贸易物品的变化。在这一过程中,朝鲜白银的储备量是其调整贸易政策及贸易物品的重要依据。其中的违禁物品则最能体现朝鲜因时势不同,适时灵活调整其贸易态度、贸易政策的特点。虽同为违禁物品,但因不同物品的限制时间、管理方式以及执行力度等不完全相同,故不能一概而论。本文将其大体分为两类进行探讨:一类是朝鲜因宗主国清朝规定为违禁物品而不得不被动限制贸易的物品,如马匹、弓角等;另一类是朝鲜根据自身不同时期的利益需要而主动设置的限制贸易物品,如人参等。在禁物的处理上,朝方亦是以其自身军事安全、经济利益为基础,区别待之。对于弓角、马匹等物,由于朝鲜自产不足,且出于政治、国防安全等各方面的因素,政府对其有很大的需求,故此类物品虽名为朝鲜的违禁贸易物品,亦有相应的法律条文,但在实际操作上,朝鲜政府对此类物品的输入不仅未依律严格禁止,甚至持鼓励、积极促成的态度。而对于朝鲜自身主动设置的长期违禁物品(如:黄金),以及处于违禁时期的违禁物品(如:人参、绸缎等)的私贸易,朝鲜政府则出台了详细的限制政策并采取严格执行、严打走私贸易的处理方式,但出于多种因素的影响,执行效果亦不同。
[Abstract]:During the Qing Dynasty, North Korea's trade with the Qing Dynasty was generally in accordance with the rules, but there were still many of its uniqueness. In general, North Korea's attitude towards trade has experienced political orientation, passive trade, economic interest driven, strong support for trade, and then timely adjustment of trade policies and trade goods according to political and economic interests. In this process, the amount of North Korean silver reserves is an important basis for its adjustment of trade policy and trade goods. The contraband can best reflect the characteristics of North Korea's trade attitude and trade policy. Although the same items are contraband, they can not be generalized because different items are limited in time, management and enforcement. This article divides it into two kinds: one is the goods that Korea has to restrict trade passively because of the regulations of the Suzerain Qing Dynasty, such as horses, bow horns and so on; The other is restricted trade items, such as ginseng, that North Korea voluntarily sets according to its own interests at different times. In the handling of prohibited objects, the DPRK side is based on its own military security and economic interests. For the arched horns, horses and other objects, the government has great demand for them because of the lack of their own production, and because of various factors such as politics, national defense security and so on. Therefore, although such items are called prohibited trade goods of the DPRK, they also have corresponding legal provisions. In practice, however, the North Korean government not only does not strictly prohibit the import of such items according to the law, but even encourages and actively promotes them. However, the DPRK government has issued detailed restrictions and adopted strict enforcement of the private trade of long-term contraband items (such as gold carvings) and prohibited items (such as ginseng, silk, satin, etc.) set up by the DPRK on its own initiative. The way to deal with smuggling trade is different, but due to the influence of many factors, the effect of execution is different.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.9;K312.34

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