美国1970-2012年经济不平等决定因素的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 22:27

本文选题：经济不平等 + 收入　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今世界,经济不平等状况不断蔓延,贫富差距日益增大。特别是美国,经济不平等状况自1970年以来持续恶化,基尼系数在发达国家中显著偏高。经济不平等不仅影响人们的日常生活和幸福感,更左右着国家的政治、经济走势。因此,经济不平等也一直是美国政府与人民关注的议题。造成经济不平等的因素很多,之前的文献多集中于部分影响因素,比如科学技术的进步,社会机制的变革以及全球化的影响。在这个纷繁复杂的背景之下,如果能够正确地找到决定社会不平等水平的因素,就可以有的放矢地制定政策,促进社会公平正义。本文在实证研究与理论研究的基础之上,从收入和财富两方面对美国经济不平等的决定因素进行探讨,力求在有限的篇幅内,管中窥豹,分析及确定导致收入不平等和财富不平等的因素,并在此基础上提出相应的政策解决措施。本文利用美国劳工部以及统计局CPS, PSID,和SCF数据库中1970年到2012年的相关数据,对美国这期间的经济不平等的决定因素以基尼系数为参照,用模型进行分析,得出老年人口比例、失业率、就业率、政府支出、储蓄行为、财富转移以及股票和地产市场的波动是经济不平等的决定因素。在此基础上,本文提出进行退休金制度及税制改革的必要性,并且认为政府应该出台相应政策为贫困阶层提供更便捷的贷款,并重视再分配的公平性,同时平衡好公平与效率的关系。本文的创新之处在于将宏观和微观的因素结合在一起,综合考察经济不平等的决定因素,并利用了数据库中最新的数据进行实证研究和分析。同时,针对库兹涅茨曲线是否真实存在这一争议问题,本文也试图利用美国1970-2012年间的数据进行检验。但是,在内容与方法上,本文也存在着局限之处。受数据与模型的限制,本文对库兹涅茨曲线的分析较为片面,也无法推断出经济不平等与其决定因素之间精确的数量关系。
[Abstract]:In today's world, economic inequality is spreading and the gap between rich and poor is widening. Especially in the United States, economic inequality has been worsening since 1970, and the Gini coefficient is significantly higher in developed countries. Economic inequality not only affects people's daily life and happiness, but also affects the political and economic trends of the country. As a result, economic inequality has also been an issue of concern to the American government and people. There are many factors contributing to economic inequality, and previous literature has focused on a number of factors, such as advances in science and technology, changes in social mechanisms, and the effects of globalization. In this complicated background, if we can correctly find the factors that determine the level of social inequality, we can make policies to promote social equity and justice. On the basis of empirical and theoretical studies, this paper probes into the determinants of economic inequality in the United States from two aspects of income and wealth. This paper analyzes and determines the factors that lead to income inequality and wealth inequality, and puts forward corresponding policy measures. Based on the relevant data from 1970 to 2012 in the United States Department of Labor and the Bureau of Statistics, CPS, PSID, and SCF, this paper analyzes the determinants of economic inequality in the United States during this period by using the Gini coefficient as a reference and using the model to analyze the proportion of the elderly population. Unemployment, employment, government spending, saving behavior, wealth transfers and volatility in the stock and property markets are determinants of economic inequality. On this basis, this paper puts forward the necessity of reforming the pension system and tax system, and holds that the government should issue corresponding policies to provide more convenient loans to the poor, and attach importance to the fairness of redistribution. At the same time, balance the relationship between fairness and efficiency. The innovation of this paper lies in the combination of macro and micro factors, the comprehensive investigation of the determinants of economic inequality, and the use of the latest data in the database for empirical research and analysis. At the same time, this paper tries to use the data from 1970-2012 to test whether the Kuznets curve is true or not. However, in terms of content and method, this paper also has its limitations. Limited by data and models, the analysis of Kuznets curve is one-sided, and the exact quantitative relationship between economic inequality and its determinants can not be inferred.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F171.2

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