阎锡山民族复兴思想研究（1912-1945）

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:23

本文选题：阎锡山 + 民族复兴　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阎锡山早年深受传统儒家文化的熏陶,奠定了他较为扎实的国学功底,同时也奠定了阎锡山此后一生思想体系的基础。留学日本,阎锡山参加资产阶级民主革命,开始接触并受到"三民主义"思想理论的影响;在日本的亲身经历使阎锡山认为日本的强大在于推行"军国主义",从而使得军国主义开始影响阎锡山的思想及各项政策;不断加深的民族危机也促使阎锡山开始思考国家与民族的命运问题;在长期研究与学习过程中,其他思想在国内的传播也对阎锡山产生了一定的影响。早年的经历及所受的教育对他后来的政治选择与对事物的看法产生了深远的影响。近代以来,中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会,民族危机不断加深。如何实现民族独立与国家富强是每一个具有民族意识的中国人努力探索与奋斗的目标,而民族复兴的实质便是选择以什么样的方式、走什么样的道路来实现富强。纵观阎锡山的一生,对他产生深远影响的主要就是"军国主义"、"三民主义"和"共产主义"三种思潮。一战期间,"军国主义"曾一度被阎锡山认作是实现中国走向强大的最佳选择。阎锡山最为推崇的是"军国主义"之军国民教育在社会中形成的高度爱国、统一的精神氛围,他认为这是实现富国强兵的有力方式,但是随着国内外形势的转变,军国主义被证明不适合中国。俄国十月革命的胜利,促使马克思主义在中国得到广泛的传播。中国共产党成立后,主张以马克思主义为指导思想来实现中国的复兴,而阎锡山对于共产主义学说及中国共产党的革命主张是反对的,因此他不遗余力的批判共产主义;早年参加革命,深受"三民主义"思潮的影响,在国民大革命之后宣布奉行"三民主义",阎锡山对于"三民主义"是持肯定态度的,他对"三民主义"也有着自己的解释。阎锡山在选择道路上,他更想另辟蹊径,创立并发展自己独特的思想体系与主义。阎锡山深受传统文化教育影响,所以阎锡山的民族复兴思想是一个复杂的思想体系,其思想主张有独创性,但也存在着局限。阎锡山在论述自己的思想的时候也会对中共的"共产主义"以及国民党的"三民主义"进行比较与批判,以此宣扬自己的主义,阎锡山的民族复兴思想是以"公道主义"作为指导,涉及政治、经济、社会各个方面,它与"三民主义"、"共产主义"相比存在者许多缺陷,他的理论也与他的自身活动产生矛盾之处。
[Abstract]:Yan Xishan was deeply influenced by the traditional Confucian culture in his early years, which laid a solid foundation for his study of Chinese culture, and also laid the foundation of the ideological system of Yan Xishan's later life. Studying in Japan, Yan Xishan joined the bourgeois democratic revolution, began to contact and was influenced by the three people's principles. His own experience in Japan made Yan Xishan think that Japan's strength lies in carrying out "militarism", thus making militarism begin to influence the thought and various policies of Yan Xishan; The deepening national crisis also prompted Yan Xishan to begin to think about the fate of the country and the nation. In the process of long-term research and study, the dissemination of other ideas in China also had a certain impact on Yan Xishan. His early experience and education had a profound impact on his later political choices and perceptions of things. Since modern times, China has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the national crisis is deepening. How to realize national independence and national prosperity is the goal that every Chinese with national consciousness tries to explore and strive for, and the essence of national rejuvenation is to choose what way and what way to realize prosperity and strength. Throughout Yan Xishan's life, the three ideological trends of militarism, the three people's principles and communism had a profound influence on him. During World War I, militarism was once regarded by Yan Xishan as the best choice for China to become strong. What Yan Xishan most admires is the highly patriotic and unified spiritual atmosphere formed in the society by the national education of the "militaristic" army. He believes that this is a powerful way to achieve a prosperous country and a strong army, but with the change of the situation at home and abroad, Militarism has proved unfit for China. The victory of Russia's October Revolution led to the widespread spread of Marxism in China. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, he advocated to use Marxism as the guiding ideology to realize the rejuvenation of China, while Yan Xishan opposed the theory of communism and the revolutionary proposition of the Communist Party of China, so he spared no effort to criticize communism; The early participation in the revolution was deeply influenced by the thought of "three people's principles". After the National Revolution, Yan Xishan declared that the "three people's principles" should be pursued. Yan Xishan held a positive attitude towards the "three people's principles", and he also had his own explanation for the "three people's principles". Yan Xishan chose a new way to create and develop his own unique ideological system and doctrine. Yan Xishan was deeply influenced by traditional culture and education, so Yan Xishan's thought of national rejuvenation is a complicated thought system, its thought advocate has originality, but also has the limitation. Yan Xishan will also compare and criticize the "communism" of the Chinese Communist Party and the "three people's principles" of the Kuomintang when discussing his own thoughts, in order to promote his own doctrine. Yan Xishan's thought of national rejuvenation is guided by "justice doctrine", involving political, economic and social aspects, and it has many defects compared with "three people's principles" and "communism". His theory also contradicts his own activities.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K26

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